联合国教科文组织推动全球残疾人教育:价值理念、基本策略与实践行动

The Value Ideas,Basic Strategies and Practical Actions of UNESCO in Promoting Global Education of Persons with Disabilities

作为在保障受教育权上发挥着独特作用的国际组织,联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)长期对处于教育最边缘化群体的残疾人施以特别关注。以国际社会残疾观的转变为风向标,联合国教科文组织残疾人教育理念经历了从以慈善医疗为价值取向的一体化教育理念,到以人权保障为价值取向的融合教育理念,再到以全球危机应对为价值取向的残疾融合教育驱动可持续发展理念的多轮演变过程,依次形成了兼顾国际规范设计和国家能力建设、在教育中和通过教育实现残疾融合、通过创新发挥数字技术的全球教育危机应对潜力三大残疾人教育推进策略,对应采取了紧扣国际标准打造残疾融合教育的本地化促进方案、面向后疫情时代构建残疾融合远程教育模式、立足可持续发展理念建立多类型残疾人教育数据库三类具体行动。在可持续发展目标任务日益紧迫的当下,联合国教科文组织需加强国际战略本土化与地方经验国际化间的良性循环,完善全球残疾人教育发展“规范形成—实践反思—政策创新”的闭环保障机制。

As an international organization that plays a unique role in safeguarding the rights to education,UNESCO has paid special attention to persons with disabilities who are among the most marginalized groups in education for a long time.On the basis of the transformation of the international society’s concept of disability,UNESCO's concept of the education of persons with disabilities has experienced multiple rounds of evolution,from the concept of integrated education considering the education of persons with disabilities as charity medical treatments,to the concept of inclusive education regarding the education of persons with disabilities as human rights protection,and then to the concept of disability-inclusive education driving sustainable development,viewing the education of persons with disabilities as the solution to the global crisis.During this process,UNESCO has successively proposed three basic strategies to promote the education of persons with disabilities,which are paying equal attention to international standard design and national capacity building,enhancing disability-inclusion in and through education,and stimulating the crisis response potential of digital technology through digital innovation.Based on these strategies,UNESCO has respectively taken three measures,including developing the disability-inclusive education improvement programs based on both international standards and local characteristics,improving the disability-inclusion in distance education for post-COVID era,and establishing various kinds of international perspective of databases on disability and education under the concept of sustainable development.As the task of realizing the sustainable development goals is becoming more and more urgent,UNESCO needs to strengthen the virtuous circle between the international strategic localization and the internationalization of local experience,in order to improve the“standard formation-practice reflection policy innovation”closed-loop guarantee mechanism for the development of education for persons with disabilities.