中日韩三国残疾人按比例就业政策比较研究

A Comparative Study on Employment Quota System for Persons with Disabilities in China,Japan,and Korea

本文从政策对象及主体、安置比例、对用人单位的处罚与支持以及政策效果等方面比较了中国、日本和韩国的残疾人按比例就业政策现状。从安置比例来看,日本和韩国在持续扩大政策实施范围的基础上不断上调法定安置比例,中国则相对来说仍保持较早时期的政策框架。为加大政策落实力度,三个国家均对未按规定比例安排残疾人就业的企业予以处罚,且呈现出不断扩大处罚对象的趋势。在对用人单位的支持方面,日本和韩国都会对超额完成安置比例的用人单位予以财政支持,中国用残疾人就业保障金对用人单位给予支持。从政策效果来看,中日韩三国公私部门的安置比例都有所上升。

This paper aims to compare the operation of employment quota system for persons with disabilities in China,Japan,and Korea,with its focus on policy targets and subjects,allocation levels,supports and sanctions for employer,and policy effectiveness.Regarding the level of allocation,Japan and Korea have expanded the scope of business employment quotas and raised the legal employment quota rate,while China has maintained a relatively early framework.In order to expand employment for persons with disabilities,all three countries operate sanctions against employers,and the scope of sanctions is also expanding.In terms of support for employers,Japan and Korea provide support to employers who have exceeded the ratio of mandatory employment allocation,while China will provide support to employers with employment security funds for persons with disabilities.From the perspective of policy effectiveness,the ratio of mandatory employment allocation in the public and private sector has increased in China,Japan,and Korea.