高速列车受电弓区域流场结构及气动噪声特性研究

Research on Flow Field Structure and Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics in Pantograph Area of High-speed Train

受电弓区域是高速列车产生气动噪声的关键区域之一,采用分离涡模拟方法与FW-H声比拟法相结合的计算策略,对高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性进行了仿真计算,分析了受电弓在开闭口状态运行时周边流场结构、本体结构声源分布特征及声指向性特征。研究结果表明:受电弓杆件结构表面压力变化及产生的尾涡脱落是产生气动噪声的主要原因;开闭口运行状态下受电弓周边流场结构发生了明显变化,由此导致受电弓表面声功率分布发生了转移;受电弓周边声压级垂向辐射特征要明显大于横向辐射特征。

Pantograph area is one of key areas for High-speed train to produce aerodynamic noise.The aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed train pantograph are simulated by combining DES with FW-H acoustic analogy method.The surrounding flow field structure,sound source distribution characteristics and sound directivity characteristics of pantograph body structure are analyzed when the pantograph operates in open and closed state.The results show that:The main reason for the aerodynamic noise of pantograph is the fluctuating pressure change on the surface of the bar and the shedding of the wake vortex.The structure of the flow field around the pantograph changes obviously when the pantograph is in open and closed state,which results in the transfer of surface sound power distribution.The vertical radiation characteristics of sound pressure level around the pantograph are larger than the transverse radiation.