超硬磨料砂轮圆弧修整技术综述

A summary of the dressing technology for circular arc surface of superhard abrasive grinding wheel

超硬磨料砂轮以其优异的磨削性能获得业内普遍认可。但是,由于超硬磨料具有很高的硬度及耐磨性,使其砂轮修整极其困难。对于复杂形面砂轮修整,则更是难上加难。为此,选最简单形面-圆弧砂轮修整为研究对象,梳理了超硬磨料砂轮圆弧修整相关技术,分析了工作原理、修整特点及其应用状况。结果发现:基于金刚石的机械式修整仍是当下超硬磨料砂轮圆弧修整之主流;点轮摆动修整,适于疏松型结合剂砂轮修整;成型修整、插补修整,易损伤工具轮精度,主要用于砂轮精修整、点修整;展成法修整,主要用于精修整。普通磨料磨具,以其脆硬特性以柔克刚,主要用于密实型结合剂超硬磨料砂轮圆弧修整;往复+摆动复合修整,主要用于大圆弧修整;插补修整,用于小众砂轮圆弧修整;往复+插补复合修整,多用于小圆弧修整;电火花成型修整,适于导电性金属结合剂砂轮粗修整;激光修整,寿命超长,但修整技术尚存不足。集非接触与机械式协同之复合修整是工程界期待的超硬磨料砂轮圆弧理想修整方法,尚需深入研究。

The superhard abrasive grinding wheel is widely recognized in the industry for its excellent grinding performance.However,due to the high hardness and wear resistance of superhard abrasive,it is very difficult to dress the grinding wheel.It is more difficult for the dressing of grinding wheel with complex surface.So,this paper selects the most simple surface-circular arc surface grinding wheel dressing as the research object,sorts out the relevant technology for arc surface dressing of superhard abrasive wheels,analyzes the working principle,dressing characteristics and application status.The result shows that mechanical dressing based on diamond is still the mainstream of arc dressing for superhard abrasive grinding wheel,the swing dressing of point wheel is suitable for the dressing of loose bond grinding wheel,the forming dressing and the interpolation dressing are easy to damage the precision of tool wheel,mainly used for grinding wheel precision dressing.Point dressing,generating method dressing methods are mainly used for precision dressing.Common abrasive abrasin,softness trumps steel are mainly used for arc dressing of dense bonded grinding wheels.Reciprocating-swinging compound dressing,are mainly used for the dressing of the large circular arc surface.Interpolation dressing is used for circular arc dressing of minority grinding wheel.Reciprocating-interpolation compound dressing,are mostly used in small arc dressing.EDM is suitable for circular arc dressing of conductive metal binder grinding wheel.Although the service life of laser dressing is very long,the dressing technology is still insufficient.It is a dressing method of the composite dressing method of non-contact and mechanical collaboration for the arc of superhard abrasive wheel expected by the engineering field,in which further study is needed.