爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下防弹衣复合结构防护效果的数值模拟

Simulation on the defending effect of composite structure of body armor under the combined action of blast wave and fragments

为增强现有防护装备的性能,设计了一种由聚脲(polyurea,PU)、凯夫拉(Kevlar)和泡沫组成的人体胸部复合防护结构。采用LS-DYNA对胸部复合防护结构在爆炸冲击波与破片冲击下的力学响应进行了数值模拟,分析了防护结构排布类型以及厚度对胸部防护的影响。结果表明:在单独爆炸冲击波作用下,防护结构的不同排布类型对抗爆效果影响较小,PU-Kevlar-泡沫排布结构抗爆效果较好,比透射压力峰值最大的Kevlar-PU-泡沫结构的峰值减小了2.42%;在爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下,PU-Kevlar-泡沫排布结构防护效果较好,比透射压力峰值最大的PU-Kevlar-PU-泡沫结构的峰值减小了18.49%;适当增加结构的厚度可降低爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用对人体胸部的损伤,但继续增加厚度对防护性能的增益有限。

In the complex battlefield environment,soldiers will not only face the impact damage of bullets and fragments,but also be subjected to the combined effect of shock wave and bullets caused by explosion.In order to enhance the performance of existing protective gears and better protect the safety of soldiers,a human chest composite protective structure composed of polyurea,Kevlar and foam was designed.Based on the LS-DYNA software platform,a finite element model of the chest composite protective structure is established,and the validity of the model is verified by experimental data drawn from open literature.On this basis,air domain,improvised explosive device and transmissive pressure test platform models are established,and the formation of blast shock wave and fragments and their interaction with the protective structure are simulated by the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method.The transmittance pressures of different protective structures are compared,while the effects of the arrangement types of protective structures and the thickness on the chest protection are analyzed.The results show that under the action of blast shock wave alone,all three protective structures can effectively reduce the overpressure of blast shock wave;different arrangement types of protective structures have less influence on the anti-blast effect,among which polyurea-Kevlar-foam arrangement structure has better anti-blast effect,and Kevlar-polyurea-foam structure has poor anti-blast effect,and the difference between the two pressure peaks is 2.42%.Under the combined action of blast shock wave and fragments,the peak transmissive pressure of all three protective structures is larger than that of the blast alone;the polyurea-Kevlar-foam arrangement structure has a better protective effect,and the peak transmissive pressure is reduced by 18.49%compared with that of the polyurea-Kevlar-polyurea-foam structure,which has the largest peak transmissive pressure.Appropriate increase in structure thickness can reduce the damage to human chest caused by the combined action of blast shock waves and fragments,but continued increase in thickness has limited gain in protection performance.