诃子等中药组合对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌体外抑制作用研究

In vitro inhibition of combination of Terminalia chebulae and other traditional Chinese medicine on pathogens of swine respiratory diseases

猪呼吸系统疾病一般由病毒和细菌混合感染引起,严重影响生猪健康,目前主要采用大剂量抗生素来治疗病猪,但易产生副作用。筛选适宜中药来治疗猪呼吸系统疾病是养猪业发展的迫切需求。本研究将中药诃子、余甘子用中性去离子水索氏提取4~6 h,螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿用无水乙醇索氏提取6 h,蒸干溶剂,收率分别为10.0%、10.5%、11.0%和10.0%。将诃子、余甘子用水稀释,螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿用5%吐温80溶液稀释,得到药物储存液,采用试管法测定诃子及其与其他中药组合对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌(A族乙型溶血性链球菌、猪链球菌、波氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌及副猪嗜血杆菌)的最低抑菌浓度。结果显示,诃子对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,余甘子、螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿与诃子的多种药物组合也有较强的抑菌作用,大多数能协同诃子抑制猪呼吸系统疾病常见病原菌,其作用强弱顺序为诃子/余甘子/多刺绿绒蒿(3∶1∶1)>诃子/余甘子/螃蟹甲(3∶1∶1)>诃子/螃蟹甲(2∶1)>诃子>诃子/多刺绿绒蒿(2∶1)>诃子/余甘子(1∶1)。这些药物组合可为猪呼吸系统疾病防治药物的研发提供参考。

Swine respiratory diseases are generally caused by mixed infection of viruses and bacteria,which seriously affects the health of pigs.At present,the antibiotics are mainly used to treat sick pigs,but side effects are easy to occur.Looking for traditional Chinese medicine to treat pig respiratory diseases is the general direction and urgent demand for the development of pig breeding industry.In this study,Terminalia chebulae and Phyllanthus emblica were extracted with neutral deionized water for 4-6 hours,and Phlomis younghusbandii and Meconopsis horridula were extracted with absolute ethanol for 6 hours by Soxhlet method.The solvent was evaporated to dryness.The yield of the extract was 10.0%,10.5%,11.0%and 10.0%,respectively.Dilute Terminalia chebulae and Phyllanthus emblica with water,and dilute Phlomis younghusbandii and Meconopsis horridula with 5%Tween 80 aqueous solution to obtain the drug storage solution for the test.Test tube method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of Terminalia chebulae and its combination with other traditional Chinese medicines against pathogenic bacteria of pig respiratory diseases(Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus,Streptococcus suis,Bordetella,Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis).The results showed that Terminalia chebulae had a strong bacteriostatic effect on pig respiratory disease bacteria.The combination of Terminalia chebulae,Phyllanthus emblica,Phlomis younghusbandii and Meconopsis horridula also has strong antibacterial effect,most of which could cooperate with Terminalia chebulae to inhibit common bacteria of respiratory diseases in pigs.The order of strength was:Terminalia chebulae/Phyllanthus emblica/Meconopsis horridula(3∶1∶1)>Terminalia chebulae/Phyllanthus emblica/Phlomis younghusbandii(3∶1∶1)>Terminalia chebulae/Phlomis younghusbandii(2∶1)>Terminalia chebulae>Terminalia chebulae/Phlomis younghusbandii(2∶1)>Terminalia chebulae/Phyllanthus emblica(1∶1).These Tibetan medicine combinations can be widely used in the prevention and treatment of pig respiratory diseases,laying a solid foundation for the healthy development of pig breeding.