家畜药物过敏性危症的救治

Treatment of drug anaphylaxis crisis in livestock

药物过敏性反应是引起危症的主要原因之一,在临床上起病突然、病势凶险,无法判定预后且患畜死亡率高。动物在接触过敏原5 min内突然发病,出现惊恐不安、肌颤出汗、呕吐流涎、呼吸急促、咳喘、心动过速、抽搐痉挛等全身性过敏反应,严重者出现昏迷、血压下降、循环虚脱等休克症状。最急性病例惊恐躁动,呼吸促迫,肌肉战栗或大汗淋漓,倒地抽搐,心脏骤停而亡。早期发现、正确判断、紧急施救是成功救治过敏性危症的关键。复方甘草酸铵、肾上腺素、生脉注射液、盐酸山莨菪碱(654-2)4种药物配合使用,并辅以泻血、输氧、平喘、营养与支持疗法等,可达到标本兼治的效果。临床共诊治过敏性危症患畜38例,康复33例,死亡5例,治愈率86.8%。

Drug anaphylaxis is one of the main causes of crisis.In clinical practice,the onset of the disease is sudden and dangerous,which often brings panic to the animal owners.The prognosis cannot be determined and the mortality rate of sick animals is high,which is easy to cause animal medical disputes.Animals become ill suddenly within 5minutes after exposure to allergens,with panic and anxiety,muscle fibrillation,sweating,vomiting and salivation,tachypnea,cough and wheeze,tachycardia,convulsions and spasms and other systemic allergic reactions.In severe cases,coma,blood pressure drop,circulation collapse and other shock symptoms appear.In the most acute cases,panic and agitation,shortness of breath,muscle trembling or sweating,collapse and convulsion,and death from cardiac arrest.Early detection,correct judgment and emergency rescue are the key to the successful treatment of allergic crisis.Compound ammonium glycyrrhizate,epinephrine,Shengmai injection,anisodamine hydrochloride(654-2) combined with blood purging,oxygen administration,asthmatic relief,nutrition and support therapy,can achieve the effect of treating both symptoms and root causes.A total of 38 patients with allergic crisis were clinically diagnosed,33recovered and 5 died,with a cure rate of 86.8%.