基于速度的力量训练对最大力量及爆发力影响的研究进展

Effect of Velocity-based Training on the Maximal Strength and Explosive Power in Athletes:A Meta Analysis

目的:系统评价基于速度的力量训练(Velocity-Based Training,VBT)对提高运动员最大力量和爆发力的干预效果,以期为力量素质训练提供新的证据。方法:通过中国知网、Web of science、Google scholar、Sport Discus、PubMed以及EBSCO等数据库搜索VBT对力量素质的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2021年12月。由2名研究人员独立进行筛选文献及提取,并对所纳入的研究进行偏倚风险评价。通过Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,采用Review Manager 5.4对最终纳入的9篇文献进行统计分析。结果:研究最终有6项关于最大力量的研究、9项关于爆发力的文献,共计290名受试者。(1)与传统抗阻训练相比,VBT对提高运动员最大力量存在较大异质性,在采用逐一剔除法进行敏感性分析后,Meta分析结果具有统计学意义(I2=25%,P=0.25;SMD=0.65,95%CI:0.18~1.12,P<0.05),合并效应量后趋于中等效应量;(2)VBT对提高运动员爆发力有统计学意义(95%CI:0.42-1.07,I2=30%,SMD=0.74,P<0.05),合并效应量后趋于中等效应量。结论:基于速度的力量训练对最大力量及爆发力的提升具有一定的效果。

Objective:to systematically evaluate the intervention effect of velocity-based training(VBT)on improving the maximal strength and explosive power in athletes so as to provide new evidence for strength quality training.Methods:randomized controlled trials(RCT)of VBT on strength quality were searched in CNKI,Web of Science,Google Scholar,Sport Discus,Pubmed and EBSCO from their inception till December 2021.Two researchers separately screened and extracted the literature,and assessed the bias risk of the included studies.The methodological quality of the included literature was assessed by Chochrane bias risk assessment tool,and statistical analysis on the 9 literatures finally included was made by Review Manager 5.4.Results:there were 6 studies on maximal strength,and 9 literatures on explosive power with a total of 290 subjects.(1)Compared with the traditional resistance training,VBT has great heterogeneity in improving maximal strength in athletes.After the sensitivity analysis by the elimination method one by one,the Meta analysis results were statistically significant(I2=25%,P=0.25;SMD=0.65,95%CI:0.18-1.12,P=0.007),and tended to reach a medium effect when the combined effect was made;(2)VBT was statistically significant in improving explosive power in athletes(95%CI:0.42-1.07,I2=30%,SMD=0.74,P=0.00001),and tended to reach a medium effect when the combined effect was made.Research conclusion:VBT has certain effect on the maximum strength and explosive power of athletes.