2017—2022年海安市水痘流行病学特征分析和防控体会探讨

Epidemiological Characteristics and Prevention and Control of Varicella in Hai'an City from 2017 to 2022

目的分析2017—2022年海安市水痘流行病学特征,探讨水痘的预防控制体会。方法通过传染病报告信息管理系统收集2017—2022年海安市报告的水痘病例资料,运用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征,总结预防控制的心得体会。结果2017—2022年海安市报告1319例水痘病例,年均报告发病率为25.08/10万。4~6岁发病率最高,其次7~9岁年龄组;小学生发病率最高,其次是幼托儿童;城镇发病率高于乡村;第4季度发病率最高,其次是第2季度;水痘疫苗接种0剂次的发病率高于1剂次和2剂次,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发病率性别比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论本地区的水痘疫情处于低水平态势,加强疫情报告监管、保护易感人群和提高疫苗接种率,利于水痘疫情的防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Hai'an City from 2017 to 2022,and explore the experience of prevention and control of varicella.Methods The data of varicella cases reported in Hai'an City from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the infectious disease reporting information management system.The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and summarize the experience of prevention and control.Results From 2017 to 2022,1319 cases of varicella were reported in Hai'an,with an average annual incidence of 258/100000.The incidence was highest in 4-6 years old,followed by 7 to 9 years old.Primary school students had the highest incidence,followed by children in childcare.Urban incidence is higher than rural incidence.The incidence was highest in the fourth quarter,followed by the second quarter.The incidence of 0 doses of varicella vaccine was higher than 1 dose and 2 doses,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no difference in incidence between the sexes(P>0.05).Conclusion The chickenpox epidemic situation in this region is at a low level.Strengthening the reporting and supervision of the epidemic,protecting the susceptible population and increasing the vaccination rate are conducive to the prevention and control of the chickenpox epidemic.