健康宣教干预模式对肺结核发病率和疾病控制质量的研究体会

Research Experience on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the Quality of Disease Control within the Health Education Intervention Mode

目的探讨知信行健康宣教的精准防控措施对本辖区内肺结核发病率和疾病控制质量的影响。方法将海安市大公镇辖区2020和2021年度的常驻人口作为施教对象,给予肺结核知信行健康宣教的精准防控措施;每个年度从村居民、中学生和外来务工人员中选择300名列入观察对象,观察两个年度肺结核新发率、观察对象的自我管理效能指标和肺结核防控效果。结果2020年度本辖区确诊为新发肺结核的患者为17人,新发率为0.284‰;2021年度新发为4人,新发率为0.067‰,两个年度肺结核新发率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.485,P=0.027)。2021年度观察对象的疾病认知度、心理舒适度、社会适应性、健康生活习惯等自我管理效能评分,以及肺结核患者治愈率、村居民满意度和传染病防控质量评分均高于2020年度,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论知信行健康宣教干预措施能有效提高辖区内村居民的自我管理效能,降低肺结核发病率,提升辖区传染病的防治工作质量。

Objective To explore the influence of precise prevention and control measures of health education in Zhixinxing on the incidence of tuberculosis and the quality of disease control in the region.Methods The resident population of Dagong Town of Hai'an City in 2020 and 2021 will be taken as the object of education,and the precise prevention and control measures of knowledge,faith and practice health education will be given to tuberculosis.Every year,300 people were selected from village residents,primary and secondary school students and migrant workers to be included in the observation objects.The new incidence rate of tuberculosis in two years,selfmanagement efficiency index and tuberculosis prevention and control effect of the observation objects were observed.Results In 2020,17 patients were diagnosed as newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis,with a new incidence rate of 0.284‰.In 2021,4 people were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis,with a new incidence rate of 0.067‰.There was a significant difference in the new incidence rate between the two years(χ^(2)=3.485,P=0.027).The scores of self-management efficacy such as disease awareness,psychological comfort,social adaptability and healthy living habits,as well as the scores of tuberculosis patients'cure rate,village residents'satisfaction and infectious disease prevention and control quality in 2021 were all higher than those in 2020,with statistical significance(all P<0.05).Conclusion Health education intervention measures can effectively improve the self-management efficiency of village residents in the area,reduce the incidence of tuberculosis,and improve the quality of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in the area.