鹰嘴豆氮磷钾肥配施效果及推荐用量研究

Study on the application effect and recommended dosage of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on chickpea

【目的】探索内蒙古鹰嘴豆氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量,为当地及类似地区鹰嘴豆生产节本增效及科学施肥提供参考。【方法】以蒙鹰3号鹰嘴豆为试验材料,采用“3414”回归设计,设置氮、磷、钾肥3个因素,每个因素4个水平,共14个处理组合,分析不同氮、磷、钾肥配施对鹰嘴豆产量构成因素、产量和经济效益的影响。采用一元二次模型对单元肥效模型进行拟合,明确N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O最佳施用量。【结果】随氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加,鹰嘴豆株高、植株冠幅、单株粒数和有效荚数呈先增加后降低的趋势,而主茎节数、单株一级分枝、荚长、荚宽和百粒质量的影响规律不明显。通过比较处理2(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为0、120.0、75.0 kg/hm^(2))和处理6(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150.0、120.0、75.0 kg/hm^(2)),施N 150.0 kg/hm^(2)较不施氮增产705.19 kg/hm^(2);通过比较处理4(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150.0、0、75.0 kg/hm^(2))和处理6,施P_(2)O_(5)120.0 kg/hm^(2)较不施磷增产556.13 kg/hm^(2);通过比较处理8(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150.0、120.0、0 kg/hm^(2))和处理6,施K_(2)O 75.0 kg/hm^(2)较不施钾增产254.37 kg/hm^(2)。N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150.0、120.0、75.0 kg/hm^(2)时,鹰嘴豆的最高产量为2582.37 kg/hm^(2),其肥料效应为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。一元二次模型对单元肥效模型的拟合均达到显著水平,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O最佳施用量为148.5、112.6和72.8 kg/hm^(2),鹰嘴豆最佳经济产量分别为2535.07、2541.57和2589.79 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150.0、120.0、75.0 kg/hm^(2)时,鹰嘴豆的最高产量为2582.37 kg/hm^(2)。通过一元二次模型拟合,鹰嘴豆N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O在内蒙古的最佳施用量为148.5、112.6和72.8 kg/hm^(2)时,最佳经济产量为2535.07~2589.79 kg/hm^(2)。

【Objective】Exploring the optimal application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers for chickpea in Inner Mongolia,providing reference for cost saving,efficiency improvement,and scientific fertilization in chickpea production in local and similar regions.【Methods】Using Mengying No.3 chickpea as experimental material and“3414”regression design,three factors including nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium were set up,with four levels for each factor and 14 treatment combinations in total.The effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer combinations on the yield components,yield,and economic benefits of chickpea were analyzed.Fitting the unit fertilizer efficiency model with univariate quadratic model to determine the optimal application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O.【Results】With the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer,the plant height,crown width,grain number per plant,and effective pod number of chickpea increased first and then decreased,while the impact pattern on the number of main stem nodes,the first branch of a single plant,pod length,pod width and 100-seed quality was not obvious.In the comparison of treatment 2(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates at 0,120.0,and 75.0 kg/hm^(2) respectively)and treatment 6(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates at 150.0,120.0,and 75.0 kg/hm^(2) respectively),the application of N at 150.0 kg/hm^(2) increased the yield of chickpea by 705.19 kg/hm^(2) compared with no N application.In the comparison of treatment 4(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates at 150.0,0,and 75.0 kg/hm^(2) respectively)and treatment 6,the application of P_(2)O_(5) at 120.0 kg/hm^(2) increased the yield by 556.13 kg/hm^(2) compared with no P application.In the comparison of treatment 8(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates at 150.0,120.0,and 0 kg/hm^(2) respectively)and treatment 6,the application of K_(2)O at 75.0 kg/hm^(2) increased the yield by 254.37 kg/hm^(2) compared with no K application.The maximum yield of chickpea was at 2582.37 kg/hm^(2),when the application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O were at 150.0,120.0,and 75.0 kg/hm^(2).The fertilizer effect of nitrogen fertilizer was highest followed by phosphorus fertilizer and then potassium fertilizer.The fitting of the univariate quadratic model to the unit fertilizer efficiency model reached significant level.The optimal application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O were 148.5,112.6,and 72.8 kg/hm^(2),with the optimal economic yields of chickpea at 2535.07,2541.57,and 2589.79 kg/hm^(2),respectively.【Conclusion】When the application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O were at 150.0,120.0,and 75.0 kg/hm^(2),chickpea had the highest yield of 2582.37 kg/hm^(2).By fitting the univariate quadratic model,the optimal application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O for chickpea in Inner Mongolia were 148.5,112.6,and 72.8 kg/hm^(2),and the optimal economic yield was 2535.07 to 2589.79 kg/hm^(2).