从《西域地理图说》探析清代早期新疆私修史志的编撰意义与影响

Study on the Significance and Influence of Private Compiling History Work in the Early Qing Dynasty From Xiyu Dili Tushuo

《西域地理图说》是清乾隆初年由永贵主撰的一部私修回疆史志,被视为清代新疆史志开山之作。作为《回疆志》的底本,它对清代新疆史志的撰修有着积极的意义和影响。它记述了乾隆时期丰富的回疆史料与风土人情,创制了清代新疆史志的基本体例与规范,开启了清代履疆边臣私修史志的先例,引领了清代新疆史志撰修的第一个高峰。作为私修史志,它不仅为《大清一统志》等官书的编修积累了史料,是内地士林了解西北边塞的重要媒介,它还以浓郁的经世致用精神力推乾嘉之学走向转型,其治边守边的思想成为道光以降解决西北边患的应世良方,促进了西北史地学的萌芽与发展。

Xiyu Dili Tushuo is a private and the pioneering work about the Hui nationality district of Xinjiang in early Qianlong period of Qing dynasty.This work is the original version of Huijiang Zhi,and has a positive significance and influence on the compilation of Xinjiang history work in Qing Dynasty.It records the rich history materials and local customs of Hui nationality district in Qianlong period,creates the basic examples and norms of history works about Xinjiang,sets the precedent of the frontier ministers writing the history records,leads the first peak of the compilation of history works about Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty.As a private writing history work,it accumulates history materials for official works such as Daqing Yitong Zhi,and it is an important medium for the mainland scholars to understand the northwest fortress.This work promotes the transformation of the school of thought in Qianlong and Jiaqing period with a strong spirit of humanistic pragmatism,and the ideas of governing and guarding the frontier juncture in this work play a great role in Daoguang period to solve the northwest disputes,lays the foundation for the development of the subject of northwest history and geology.