从方位词到范围名词:“其中”相关问题研究——兼议其在审计文本中的应用情况

From A Location Noun to A Scope Noun:A Study of the Issues Related to the Word“Qizhong(其中)”

按现有语法书及词典的说法,“其中”是名词中特殊次类——方位词中的特殊类别。根据我们提出的范围范畴概念和理论架构,“其中”具有较典型的范围名词特征,能构成几种范围表达式,其中母项N与子项n的“同质化”是其标记,表达“包含”语义关系,具体可以表达空间范围、数量范围等各种次类;根据N与n的关系,有整体-部分关系、类-属关系之分。“其中”与范围动词在表达包含关系的语义功能上有些重叠,共现是强调凸显范围关系,两者能否替换使用受句法、语义、语用制约。在审计文本中,“其中”的使用呈现出一定的特性,如表义上基本以表数量范围为主,格式上以“N+其中+n”为常见,整体上正式体特征比较明显。另外,“其中”的范围名词用法在近代汉语中已经出现。

According to the existing grammar books and dictionaries,“Qizhong(其中)”is the special class of location nouns which is a special subclass of nouns.According to our concept and theoretical framework of Scope-category proposed,this word has the usage of scope noun,and the“homogenization”of N and n is its markers.It can form several typical scope expressions,expressing the semantic relation of“contain”,and specifically various subclasses such as spatial scope and quantitative scope,etc.The relation between N and n includes whole-part relation and genus-species relation.“Qizhong(其中)”is somewhat overlap the scope verbs in the semantic function of the inclusion relation,and co-occurrence is to highlight the scope relation.Whether they can be used interchangeably is restricted by syntax,semantics and pragmatics.In audit texts,the use of“Qizhong(其中)”shows certain rules.Semantically it mainly indicates quantitative scope,and the format of“N+Qizhong+n”is common,and on the whole,features of the formal style are obvious.The scope noun usage of“Qizhong(其中)”has appeared in modern Chinese.