球形封头开孔补强四种设计方法对比

Comparison of Four Design Methods for Opening Reinforcement of Spherical Head

本文简要介绍了如何使用解析法、应力分类法、极限载荷法和弹塑性分析法确定压力容器结构的最大允许载荷,并以球壳模型和球壳+接管模型为算例,分别使用上述四种方法确定结构的最大允许载荷,通过对数值计算结果的对比分析得出以下结论 :常规设计方法的安全裕量随着厚径比的增大而逐渐减小,在使用常规设计法确定结构尺寸时,对于壁厚较大的设备应适当提高设计裕量;使用应力分类法确定厚壁容器的结构尺寸时可能偏于危险,此时应采用更为合理的极限载荷分析法或者弹塑性应力分析法。

This paper briefly introduces how to use analytical method, stress classification method, ultimate load method and elastic-plastic analysis method to determine the maximum allowable load of pressure vessel structures. Taking the spherical shell model and the spherical shell+nozzle model as examples, the above four methods are used to determine the maximum allowable load of the structure. Through comparative analysis of numerical calculation results, the following conclusion can be drawn: the safety margin of conventional design methods gradually decreases with the increase of thickness to diameter ratio. When using conventional design methods to determine structural dimensions, the design margin should be appropriately increased for equipment with larger wall thickness. When using the stress classification method to determine the structural dimensions of thick-walled vessel, it will be biased towards danger. In this case, more reasonable ultimate load analysis method or elastic-plastic stress analysis method should be used.