无作的共同体:阿伦特到阿甘本的行动论批判

The Inoperative Community:a Critique on Action Theory from Arendt to Agamben

亚里士多德的行动理论建构了指导人类政治生活的普遍伦理规定。这一古典范式影响至今,并经过海德格尔的存在论诠释,成为思考现代性和共同体问题的关键入口。然而当下的政治行动是否要照搬亚里士多德,学界对此仍留有争论。阿伦特曾提出,抵抗劳动异化需要剥离附加在亚里士多德行动论之上的生产论图式。她的主张影响了利科、阿甘本为代表的左翼学者。他们在此基础上重审亚里士多德的行动观和本体论,更新了问题范畴并得出结论,现代资本主义下的人类解放应当从公共伦理关系入手,重构新型的“无作”共同体并配合相应行动方案。阿伦特到阿甘本这条理路的发展,显示了当代西方对马克思政治经济学及其无产者联合体构想的症候性阅读及其改进方式。

The theory of action established by Aristotle had constituted a universal ethical prescription for human political life.This classical paradigm had made an influence until today,guided by Heidegger's existential interpretation,as a crucial path for contemporary Western to think about the problem of modernity and community.However,there was still a debate in academic circles as to whether today's political action should be a copy of Aristotle.Arendt suggested that the solution for the alienation was to strip away the schema of production attached to Aristotelian action theory.Her views influenced the left scholars represented by Ricoeur and Agamben.They revisited the Aristotelian action theory and its ontology,updated the scope of the problem and concluded that,the emancipation of human beings under modern capitalism required the reconstruction of a new inoperative community with corresponding action program,starting from the public ethical relationships.The development from Arendt to Agamben showed their symptomatic reading and modification towards Marx's political economy.