城镇化背景下土地财政对城乡收入差距的影响

The Impact of Land Finance on Urban-Rural Income Gap in the Context of Urbanization

缩小城乡收入差距对促进全体人民共同富裕具有重要意义。文章通过模型构建实证检验城镇化背景下土地财政对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现:提高土地财政会扩大城乡收入差距,其扩大效应在东中西部对城乡收入差距的影响依次增加;同时,城镇化还会强化土地财政扩大城乡收入差距的效应,但提高城镇化本身则可以缩小城乡收入差距;土地财政在影响城乡收入差距过程中还存在城镇化的门槛特征,在城镇化率较高阶段,提高土地财政而扩大城乡收入差距的效应弱于城镇化率较低阶段;土地财政还存在空间溢出效应,对相邻省份的城乡收入差距也有扩大效应。研究建议稳步提高城镇化率,统筹土地财政资源,加大财政涉农支出比例,进而缩小城乡收入差距。

Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is of great significance to promoting the common prosperity of all people.This paper empirically tests the impact of land finance on the urban-rural income gap in the context of urbanization through model construction.Research has found that increasing land finance will expand the urban-rural income gap,and its widening effect gradually increases between the eastern,central,and western regions;at the same time,urbanization will also strengthen the effect of land finance on expanding the urban-rural income gap,but increasing urbanization itself can narrow the urban-rural income gap;there is still a threshold characteristic of urbanization in the process of land finance affecting the urban-rural income gap.In the stage of high urbanization rate,the effect of increasing land finance to expand the urban-rural income gap is weaker than that in the stage of low urbanization rate;there is also a spatial spillover effect in land finance,which has a widening effect on the urban-rural income gap in neighboring provinces.This research suggests steadily increasing the urbanization rate,coordinating the land financial resources,increasing the proportion of fiscal expenditure related to agriculture,and thereby narrowing the urban-rural income gap.