钙钼肥对花生氮素利用、生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of Calcium and Molybdate Fertilizers on Nitrogen Utilization,Development and Yield of Peanut

为探讨钙、钼肥对花生干物质积累、氮素利用及产量的影响,以商花18号为试验材料,设常规施肥(CK)、增施钙肥(T1,75kg/hm^(2))、增施钼肥(T2,0.45kg/hm^(2))、钙钼配施(T3,Ca 75kg/hm^(2)+Mo 0.45kg/hm^(2))4个处理,分别在河南省花生主产区正阳县(豫南)和武陟县(豫北)开展试验。结果表明,在正阳增施钙肥或钼肥可以提高植株的干物质积累、氮素积累、单株结果数和单株双仁果数。其中增施钙肥处理不仅提高荚果占总干物质的分配率和氮素分配率,还能降低地上部干物质积累,减少无效分枝发生,显著提高千克饱果数、百果质量,降低千克秕果数,比对照增产8.45%。在武陟增施钼肥的处理效果优于增施钙肥的处理,其中T3处理的效果最佳。与CK相比,T3处理的干物质积累、氮素积累分别增加22.85%、12.64%,千克饱果数、百果质量和荚果产量分别提高22.67%、5.28%和6.85%。以上结果表明,增施钙肥和钼肥能够不同程度提高花生成熟期荚果的干物质分配率和氮素积累量,提高花生千克饱果数和百果质量,降低千克秕果数,进而提高产量。本试验区域建议豫南花生栽培中可采用增施钙肥,豫北栽培中可同时配施钙肥和钼肥。

In order to explore the effects of the amount of calcium and molybdate fertilizers on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen utilization and yield of peanut,a field experiment was conducted,with the peanut variety Shanghua18as experimental material.The treatments were set as four fertilization modes:no-calcium and no-molybdenum fertilizer(CK),increased calcium fertilizer(T1,75kg/ha),increased molybdenum fertilizer(T2,0.45kg/ha),increased calcium and molybdenum fertilizers(T3,Ca 75kg/ha+Mo 0.45kg/ha)in Zhengyang(Southern Henan)and Wuzhi(Northern Henan)in the main peanut production regions of Henan.In Zhengyang,the results showed that total dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,fruit number and double-kernel fruit number per plant under increasing calcium or molybdenum fertilizers were improved.And T1could not only improve dry matter distribution ratio of pod and nitrogen distribution ratio of pod,but also decrease dry matter accumulation of shoot and invalid lateral branch number,significantly increase plump pod number per kilogram and 100-pod mass of peanut,decrease immature pod number per kilogram,and the yield of T1 treatment was significantly increased 8.45%compared with CK,which had better effect than the increased molybdenum fertilizer treatment.However,the treatment of increased molybdenum fertilizer had better effect than increased calcium fertilizer in Wuzhi.Among them,T3treatment had the best effect.Compared with CK,T3treatment could increase dry matter accumulation and nitrogen content by 22.85%and 12.64%,improve plump pod number per kilogram,100-pod mass of peanut and yield by 22.67%,5.28%,6.85%,respectively.Increased calcium or molybdenum fertilizer could raise dry matter distribution ratio of pod and nitrogen accumulation of peanut with various degree,which can increase plump pod number per kilogram and100-pod mass of peanut,decrease blight pod number per kilogram.In this study,increased calcium fertilizer was applied as the optimal fertilization scheme for the peanut cultivation in Southern Henan,while increased calcium and molybdenum fertilizers in Northern Henan.