Two‑Dimensional Mesoporous Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion:Current Status,Chemical Synthesis and Challenging Perspectives

Two-dimensional(2D)mesoporous materials(2DMMs),defined as 2D nanosheets with randomly dispersed or orderly aligned mesopores of 2–50 nm,can synergistically combine the fascinating merits of 2D materials and mesoporous mate-rials,while overcoming their intrinsic shortcomings,e.g.,easy self-stacking of 2D materials and long ion transport paths in bulk mesoporous materials.These unique features enable fast ion diffusion,large specific surface area,and enriched adsorption/reaction sites,thus offering a promising solution for designing high-performance electrode/catalyst materials for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices(ESCDs).Herein,we review recent advances of state-of-the-art 2DMMs for high-efficiency ESCDs,focusing on two different configurations of in-plane mesoporous nanosheets and sandwich-like mesoporous heterostructures.Firstly,a brief introduction is given to highlighting the structural advantages(e.g.,tailored chemical composition,sheet configuration,and mesopore geometry)and key roles(e.g.,active materials and functional additives)of 2DMMs for high-performance ESCDs.Secondly,the chemical synthesis strategies of 2DMMs are summarized,including template-free,2D-template,mesopore-template,and 2D mesopore dual-template methods.Thirdly,the wide applications of 2DMMs in advanced supercapacitors,rechargeable batteries,and electrocatalysis are discussed,enlightening their intrinsic structure–property relationships.Finally,the future challenges and perspectives of 2DMMs in energy-related fields are presented.