《西都赋》与《西京赋》之“长安”赋文研究

The Study of Han"Chang'an"Article in Xidu Fu and Xijing Fu

东汉班固所作《西都赋》与张衡所作《西京赋》,是南朝梁萧统所编《文选》中专门以西京长安城为创作内容的两篇重要赋作,其内容均铺陈描绘西汉长安的繁荣与奢华。该文以两篇赋作为文本,用文献分类法研究汉赋中的汉代长安城的政治、经济、文化及军事等内容,比较两篇赋作中汉人眼中西京长安之盛貌,并分析其差异分别。班固《西都赋》中对西汉长安之繁华奢侈描写为史学家之克制;张衡《西都赋》中西汉长安的内容为文学家之描写,极尽其力表现天子及百官的奢靡无尽的生活娱乐内容。两篇赋作描写内容丰富,观点明晰,具有较高的社会文化意义。

Xidu Fu by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Xijing Fu by Zhang Heng are two important Fu works in Selected Works edited by Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasty that specifically depict the prosperity and luxury of Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty.This article uses a literature classification method to study the political,economic,cultural,and military aspects of Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty in Han Fu.It compares the prosperity of Chang'an in the Xijing in the eyes of Han people in two Fu works,and analyzes their differences.The description of the prosperity and luxury of Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty in Ban Gu's Xidu Fu is a restrained writing style by historians;Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu portrays the content of Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty as a literary depiction by writers,who do their best to express the extravagant and endless entertainment content of the emperor and officials.The two Han Fu have rich descriptions,clear viewpoints,and high social and cultural significance.