考虑产业布局和用户满意度的氢能源汽车加氢网络优化模型

Hydrogenation Infrastructure Network Optimization Considering Industrial Layout and Customer Satisfaction

国家正积极推动氢能源汽车产业发展,但目前加氢设施匮乏,制约该产业发展。不同于充电设施选址,加氢设施网络优化涉及加氢站、制氢厂选址及厂站间氢气调运。从产业布局和用户满意视角切入,将加氢网络优化问题构建为双层规划模型,上层规划是设施运营商的设施布局和氢气调运问题,下层规划是车辆营运商的加氢策略优化问题。设计算法并结合长三角交通网络仿真分析,结论为:加氢设施建设经费投入存在“边际效用递减律”,加氢设施不能盲目投资建设;加快制氢厂建设升级可优化氢气运输成本结构,加氢设施建设规划需将上下游制储用氢环节结合考虑;在缓解里程焦虑方面,加氢设施规模和续航里程间具有“替代效应”,加氢站收益随续航里程增加呈先增后减趋势。

Our country is now promoting the development of hydrogen automobile industry,but the lack of hydrogen refueling stations and the bottleneck of the infrastructure network currently restricts the development of this industry.Different from the location problem of charging stations,the hydrogenation infrastructure network optimization problem not only involves the facility location of both hydrogenation stations and hydrogen production plants,but also involves the hydrogen transportation problem between stations and plants.A hydrogenation infrastructure network optimization problem is considered which can be treated as a Stackelberg game between two rational decision makers.The first mover,who is a hydrogenation infrastructure network operator,aims at maximizing total profit and decides where to locate infrastructures and how to transport hydrogen;the follower,who is a carrier,aims at maximizing the driving satisfaction and optimizes the hydrogen addition strategy.Different from current research associate with locating charging stations,this paper extended those location models by further considering the whole industrial layout and the factors of customer satisfaction.In this paper,a bi-level programming model is presented to characterize the interaction between the two decision makers.The upper-level program refers to the infrastructure network optimization problem while the lower-level program refers to the optimization problem of hydrogen addition strategy.To solve the bi-level programming model,a hybrid algorithm is proposed,in which a genetic algorithm is used in upper-level problem for enumerating and updating location plans,and the lower-level nonlinear programming is first transformed into linear mixed integer programming by using linearization technology,and then solved directly by using CPLEX software.The algorithm is finally applied in the transportation network of Yangtze River area.The result shows that:(ⅰ)the case study reflects a‘marginal utility diminishing'phenomenon which suggests that hydrogenation infrastructure should not be invested blindly,(ⅱ)enlarging the infrastructure network and upgrading of hydrogen production plants can optimize the cost structure of hydrogen transportation;(ⅲ)there is a‘substitution effect'between the scale of infrastructure network and the driving range of a hydrogen powered vehicle,and the revenue increases first and then decreases with the increase of the driving range.