考虑配送员交互作用和服务质量的众包物流运营模式选择

Selection of Crowdsourcing Logistics Operation Mode Considering Deliverer Interaction and Service Quality

基于配送员和物流平台的服务质量,以及自由配送员之间的交互作用(即单个配送员的工作时长对其他配送员接单数量的影响作用),构建了纯传统、纯众包、混合和考虑交互作用的纯众包四种物流平台决策模型,求解出不同物流运营模式下平台、配送员以及双方总的最优利润,通过对比分析得到平台运营模式选择策略。研究表明:纯传统和纯众包两种物流模式下配送员单位报酬率相同时,存在一个平台利润、配送员利润和双方总利润的各自均衡点,若单位报酬率大于均衡点,纯众包物流运营模式更优;若配送员接单数量对物流平台服务质量敏感程度较低时,纯众包模式更优;较高时,纯传统模式更优;适中时,混合模式更优;自由配送员之间交互作用适中时,纯众包物流运营模式更优,交互作用太小或太大时,纯传统物流运营模式更优;虽然更多控制权与更大的单位报酬率相关联,平台从专职配送员收取的交易费总高于从自由配送员收取的费用,但交互作用使众包物流运营模式下配送员单位报酬率低于传统物流运营模式下配送员单位报酬率成为可能。

Although the emergence of the crowdsourcing logistics mode has gradually transformed the traditional logistics mode into a crowdsourcing mode,and a pure crowdsourcing logistics mode and a hybrid mode have emerged.However,most literatures only conduct research on the operation management in crowdsourcing logistics,not the mode itself.The analysis does not compare the traditional logistics mode with the crowdsourcing mode,and discusses when the logistics service platform adopts the crowdsourcing logistics mode,and the difference between the crowdsourcing logistics mode and the traditional logistics.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the choice of logistics platform operation mode.Platforms must make a choice between traditional logistics modes and crowdsourced logistics modes.Based on the service quality of deliverers and logistics platform,as well as the interaction between free deliverers(i.e.the impact of a single delivery's work time on the number of orders received by other deliverers),four kinds of decision-making modes of logistics platform,pure traditional,pure crowdsourcing,hybrid and pure crowdsourcing considering interaction,are constructed in this paper.The optimal profits of platform,deliverers and both parties under different logistics modes are obtained.Then,a comparative analysis of the optimal decision-making under the four modes is carried out to determine the optimal selection strategy of operation mode of logistics platform.The results show that the platform's profits,deliverer's profits and total profits of both parties under pure traditional and pure crowdsourcing logistics modes have their respective equilibrium points when the unit rate of return of the deliverer is the same.If the unit rate of return is greater than the equilibrium point,the pure crowdsourcing logistics mode is better.If the number of orders received by the delivery is less sensitive to the service quality of the logistics platform,the pure crowdsourcing model is better;when it is higher,pure traditional mode is better;when it is appropriate,the hybrid mode is better;When the interaction between free deliverers is moderate,the pure crowdsourcing logistics mode is better.However,when the interaction is too small or too large,the pure traditional logistics mode is better.Although greater control is associated with greater unit rate of return,and the transaction fee charged by the platform from professional deliverers is always higher than that from free deliverers,the interaction makes it possible that the unit rate of return of deliverers in crowdsourcing logistics mode is lower than that in traditional logistics mode.