基于多源遥感数据的月球薛定谔盆地及邻区地质特征和演化分析

Geological characteristics and evolution of the Schrödinger basin and adjacent areas:Insights from multi-source remote sensing data

薛定谔盆地位于月球背面南极-艾肯盆地西南部的盆底与盆缘过渡处,盆地结构较为完整,形成于晚雨海世,是典型的峰环盆地,研究该区域地质演化历史有助于研究月球峰环盆地的演化过程。本文利用多源遥感数据并综合前人研究成果,对研究区开展了区域地质综合分析,主要包括地质地貌特征、岩石类型分布、构造要素以及盆地的演化过程等。与前人相比,使用较新的遥感数据和撞击坑统计年代学模型对盆地内的月海玄武岩进行了分布范围厘定和定年,得到了更精确的年龄,丰富了研究区内的构造形迹数据库,探讨了更具综合性的区域地质演化过程。得到的结果如下:研究区内出露的岩石以亚铁斜长岩套、亚铁苏长岩套和镁质斜长岩套为主,月海玄武岩、纯斜长岩、富橄榄石岩套以及火成碎屑岩零星分布,两块月海玄武岩单元的绝对模式年龄分别为3.26和3.36 Ga,为晚雨海世玄武岩;研究区内9类构造发育,其中坑底断裂、质量瘤和火山口可能是在盆地后续的重力均衡过程中逐渐形成的;薛定谔盆地的形成过程主要分为撞击成盆前、成盆期以及成盆后改造期3个阶段。

The Schr dinger basin is a typical lunar peak-ring basin formed in the Late Imbran with well-preserved,relatively complete basin structure.It is located at the transition zone between the floor and the southwestern rim of the South Pole-Aiken basin on the far side of the Moon.Insights into the geological evolution of the Schr dinger basin can help to better understand the evolution of the peak-ring basins in general.In this paper,using multi-source remote sensing data,combined with previous research results,we created an 1∶2500000 geological map of the Schr dinger basin and adjacent area and performed comprehensive geological analysis to investigate the basin’s topographic features,lithologic distribution characteristics,structural features,and evolution.Based on the state-of-art remote sensing data and newly updated crater size-frequency distribution we determined the extent of basalt units in the basin and obtained more accurate ages for the basalt units;besides,we identified additional structural features of the study area and developed a more comprehensive view on the regional geological evolution compared to previous studies.According to our analysis,the main rock types in the Schr dinger basin were ferroan anorthosite suite,ferroan norite suite,and magnesian anorthosite suite,along with sporadically distributed basalts,anorthosite,olivine-rich outcrops,and pyroclastic deposits.The absolute model ages of two mare basalt units were 3.26 and 3.36 Ga,respectively,indicating they belong to the Upper Imbrian strata.There were nine structural styles identified in the study area,among which crater-floor fractures,mascon,and volcanic vent might have gradually formed,post depositional,during gravitational equilibrium.We concluded that the formation of the Schr dinger basin could be divided into three stages:pre-impact,basin forming,and post-depositional reconstruction.