掘进巷道顶锚杆二次预紧质量控制技术研究与应用

Research and Application of Quality Control Technology for Secondary Pre-tightening of Roof Bolts in Driving Roadway

长期以来,井工煤矿巷道掘进工作面多数采用锚网索联合支护,顶锚杆作为锚网索支护中最重要的一部分,其施工质量好坏决定着巷道整体支护效果。在对掘进巷道顶锚杆支护质量进行检查时发现,多数顶锚杆扭矩不达标,经查阅多家煤矿掘进作业规程,作业规程中对于顶锚杆施工过程中的二次预紧工序并没有详细规定。鉴于以上因素,设计制造了锚杆机用万向预置式扭矩放大紧固器,采用模块化设计思路,投入使用后,可完全解决施工中扭矩过大导致锚杆拉伸变形及螺纹变形;能够适应井下复杂环境下锚杆与顶板间安装角度要求及紧固时锚杆机角度偏差导致螺纹处折弯及螺纹损坏;可以避免辅助人员手持手把登高作业坠落风险和手把脱手被击打风险;可在顶锚杆二次预紧作业中实现一人操作,有效增加作业效率;可确保锚杆紧固到设定扭矩时装置打滑保护,保证锚杆紧固扭矩在达到要求的情况下,锚杆不被损坏,做到锚杆支护效果达到最优。

For a long time,the bolt-mesh-cable combined supporting has been used in most underground coal mine roadway driving faces.The roof bolt is the most important part of the bolt-mesh-cable supporting,and its construction quality determines the overall supporting effect of roadway.When inspecting the roof bolt⁃ing quality of driving roadway,it was found that most roof bolts did not reach the standard in their torque.After consulting the driving operation regulations of many coal mines,it was found that no specific provi⁃sions are formulated for the secondary pre-tightening procedures during the roof bolt construction.In view of the above,the universal preset torque amplifier tightener for bolting machine is designed and manufactured based on the modular design ideas.After putting into service,it is able to completely solve the tensile defor⁃mation and thread deformation of bolts caused by excessive torque during construction;meet the requirements for installation angle between bolts and roof in complicated underground environment,and allow for the angle deviation of the bolting machine during tightening that leads to bending and damage at the threads;avoid the risk of falling and being hit when auxiliary personnel work at heights with handgrips in their hands;real⁃ize one-person operation in the secondary pre-tightening of roof bolt,effectively increasing the operating effi⁃ciency;ensure that the slip protection of equipment can be provided when the bolt is tightened to the set torque,and ensure that the bolt will not be damaged when the tightening torque of bolt meets the require⁃ments,thus achieving the best bolting effect.