基于设施POI大数据的老幼友好评估体系构建及应用

The Establishment and Application of the System for Evaluating the Status of Age-and Child-Friendly Based on Facility Point of Interest Big Data

兼顾老幼友好,是回应中国社会老龄化与少子化现实的关键之道。以大数据技术赋能老幼友好评估是破解当下建设过程中理论与实践困境的有效手段。文章在分析老幼友好概念与相关设施分布内在关联的基础上,凭借空间地理统计方法与设施兴趣点(Point of Interest,简称“POI”)大数据,依据累计机会算法形成了兼顾空间可及性与时间简捷性的评估指标体系,进而对天津市进行核密度分析、标准差椭圆分析、空间相关性分析等宏观空间统计与基于POI数据的老幼友好评估,发现天津市老幼友好设施在主体层面耦合水平较高,在服务供给层面存在地理分异。其中,“市内六区”老幼友好建设发展迅猛,“环城四区”与“远郊五区”有待提升,滨海新区老幼友好建设水平突出。为此,可借鉴滨海新区经验,从宏观规划、中观方案、微观技术三个维度提升城市老幼友好建设水平。

Age-and child-friendly is a key way that responds to the reality of aging and childlessness in Chinese society.Empowering age-and child-friendly assessment with big data technology is an effective means to break the dilemma of theory and practice nowadays.Based on the analysis of the intrinsic correlation between the concept of age-and child-friendly and the distribution of facilities,the article forms an assessment index system based on a spatial geostatistical approach and facility Point of Interest(POI)data,which takes into account spatial accessibility and temporal simplicity based on a cumulative opportunity algorithm,the study conducted macro spatial statistics,such as nuclear density analysis,standard deviation ellipse analysis and spatial correlation analysis,and the assessment of age-and child-friendly facilities based on POI data for the case city of Tianjin,the conclusion was drawn that Tianjin has a high level of coupling between age-and child-friendly facilities at the subject level and a low level at the service provision level,the results of the assessment of age-and child-friendly in the municipal districts show that the overall level of age-and child-friendly in Tianjin is high.Among them,the“six districts in the city”are developing rapidly in terms of age-and child-friendly construction,while the“four districts around the city”and“five distant suburban districts”have yet to improve their statuses and the Binhai New Area has an outstanding level of age-and child-friendly construction.In this regard,we can learn from the experience of Binhai New Area,and improve the level of urban age-and child-friendly construction from three dimensions:macro planning,mid-range program and micro technology.