本溪老母岭野生北细辛群落的稳定性及草本层优势种种间关系分析

Analysis of the Community Stability and the Interspecific Relationship Between Herb Layer Dominant Species of the Wild Asarum heterotropoides var.maudshuricum Community in Benxi Laomuling

目的:分析老母岭北细辛群落的特征和稳定性及草本优势种种间关系,为北细辛中药资源保护和利用提供理论依据。方法:采用样地调查法和数量生态学方法研究北细辛的群落组成、结构和生态位特征。采用方差比率、Fisher确切检验、Spearman秩相关分析草本层种间关系;采用种间联结系数、Ochiai指数、Dice指数、Jaccard指数确定关联程度。结果:物种多样性:草本层>灌木层>乔木层;北细辛与25个种有生态位重叠;草本层种间总体呈不显著负关联;种对间Fisher确切检验和Spearman秩相关正负比为0.4980和0.4917;多数种对呈负联结或弱联结;草本层植物频率不符合Raunkiaer频度定律,群落未达到稳定状态。结论:群落草本层种间联结松散关联性较弱,处于不稳定演替状态,北细辛种群有被取代的风险,应加强对北细辛群落保护,避免过多人为干扰;与北细辛呈较强正关联的植物如荨麻叶龙头草、红花变豆菜、北野豌豆等可作为北细辛适生环境的参考。

Objective:This paper analyzed the characteristics and stability of Asarum heterotropoides var.maudshuricum community in Laomuling and the relationship between the dominant species of herb layer,to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources of Beixixin.Methods:The composition,structure and niche characteristics of wild A.heterotropoides var.maudshuricum community in Laomuling were studied by sample plot survey and quantitative ecological analysis.Variance ratio method,Fisher exact test and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the interspecific relationship of herb layer;interspecific association coefficient,Ochiai index,Dice index and Jaccard index were used to analyze the degree of association between dominant species of herb layer.Results:The results of species diversity showed that herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer;There were niche overlaps between A.heterotropoides var.maudshuricum and 25 species;The overall association showed insignificant negative correlation;The ratio of positive and negative values of Fisher's exact test and Spearman rank correlation between herb layer species were 0.4980 and 0.4917 respectively;Most species pairs showed negative and weak association;The frequency of herbaceous plants does not conform to Raunkiaer frequency law;The community was in an unstable state.Conclusions:The interspecific association of herb layer community was relatively loose and weak,and it was in an unstable succession state.There was a risk that the population of A.heterotropoides var.maudshuricum could be replaced.Therefore,the protection of communities should be strengthened to avoid too much human interference;Plants with the strong positive association with the A.heterotropoides var.maudshuricum,such as Meeha⁃nia urticifolia,Sanicula rubriflora,Vicia ramuliflora,etc.could be used as indicator suitable for habitat of the A.heterotropoides var.maudshuricum.