地震全波形反演研究进展与应用现状综述

A review of the research progress and application status of seismic full waveform inversion

随着资源勘探加“深”加“难”,如何在复杂构造背景下提高成像精度和储层预测的精度已经成为了地球物理研究的重中之重,近年来发展起来的全波形反演方法是一种可以适用于复杂地质构造的反演方法。该方法利用叠前地震波场中的动力学与运动学信息,能够揭示复杂地质背景下构造细节。作为一个涉及模型参数化、误差反函数建立、数据预处理、波长数值模拟、子波估计等诸多研究内容的方法,该技术的发展必定是一个逐步完善且需要长期攻克的过程。目前随着理论与计算机技术的发展,全波形反演方法已经逐渐被应用在实际观测数据中。本文介绍了全波形反演方法的方法原理和处理流程,总结了全波形反演的发展历程以及全波形反演方法在海洋地震资料、陆上地震资料、深地震反射资料中的应用现状,提出当前全波形反演的应用瓶颈、数据处理难题、深部地壳反演成像的挑战,为全波形反演方法的研究与应用提供参考。

As resource exploration deepens and becomes increasingly difficult,improving the imaging precision and the reservoir prediction accuracy under a complex tectonic setting has become a top priority of research.The full waveform inversion(FWI)method developed in recent years can be applied to complex geological structures.This method can reveal structural details in a complex geological setting using the dynamic and kinematic information in the pre-stack seismic wave field.However,this method involves many research elements such as model parameterization,building of inverse error function,data preprocessing,numerical simulation of wavelengths,and wavelet estimation.Thus,its development is bound to be a long-term gradual improvement process.The FWI method has been applied to actual observation data with the development of theory and computer technology.This study introduced the principle and processing flow of the FWI method and summarized its development history and its application status in marine and onshore seismic data,and deep seismic reflection data.Accordingly,this study presented the current application bottlenecks,data processing difficulties,and challenges of deep-crustal inversion imaging for subsequent research and application of the FWI method.