美国整体政府方法的人工智能战略及应对研究

A Study of AI Strategies and Responses to the U.S.Whole-of-Government Approach

通过文献分析研究美国的人工智能战略,以政府的三重角色透视美国政府在人工智能发展中的作用。美国以整体政府方法推进人工智能,建立多层次的联邦战略框架,构建跨部门正式机制。美国政府承担着人工智能投资者、使用者、监管者的多重角色,促进在重点领域投资研发人工智能,优先在政府部门中采用人工智能,并保持宽松的监管以防止阻碍创新。美国整体政府方法的人工智能是其“整体政府”对华战略的投射,背后有其深刻思想根源。美国将人工智能看作国家安全的核心,有一种技术领导地位的迷思,也是对历史经验的路径依赖。拜登政府进一步强化了同盟战略,将与中国的人工智能技术之争塑造为民主与专制之争,把对中国的抹黑攻击,视为拉拢盟国的机会。中国基于人类命运共同体和国家总体安全观理念发展人工智能,增进全人类共同福祉,为世界人工智能发展所依赖的经济社会背景注入多样性。我国在人工智能的发展上,要采取审慎的监管策略,要在政府部门逐步建立起人工智能能力,系统地规划产业政策,推进人工智能教育和劳动力培养,积极参与全球人工智能治理,发挥举国体制优势,集中资源取得颠覆性技术领先优势。要增强自身反制能力,加强国际传播能力建设,提升国际话语权。

The literature analysis method is used to study the artificial intelligence strategy of the U.S.government,and the role of the U.S.government in artificial intelligence is viewed from the perspective of the triple role of the government.It was found that the United States promoted AI in a whole-of-government manner,established a multi-level strategic framework,and built a interagency formal mechanism.The government plays the multiple role of investor,user and regulator of AI,maintaining lax regulation to prevent hindering innovation,promoting AI research and development in priority areas,and prioritizing the adoption of AI in government departments.The artificial intelligence of whole-of-government approach of the United States is the projection of its"whole-of-government"China strategy,and there are ideological roots behind it.The United States sees AI as central to national security,a myth of technological leadership,and a path dependence on historical experience.The Biden administration has further strengthened the alliance strategy,portraying the competition with China's artificial intelligence technology as a dispute between democracy and autocracy,and regards smearing and attacking China as an opportunity to gather allies.China has developed artificial intelligence based on the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and the overall security concept of the country,enhancing the common well-being of all mankind and injecting diversity into the economic and social background on which the world's AI development depends.In the development of artificial intelligence,China should adopt a prudent regulatory strategy,gradually establish artificial intelligence capabilities in government departments,systematically plan industrial policies,promote artificial intelligence education and labor force training,actively participate in global artificial intelligence governance,give full play to the advantages of the national system,concentrate resources to obtain disruptive technology advantages.It is necessary to enhance our own countermeasures,and build up our capabilities in international communication,amplify our voices on the international stage.