西北地区气候暖湿化增强东扩特征及其形成机制与重要环境影响

The enhancement and eastward expansion of climate warming and humidification,formation mechanism and important environmental impacts in Northwest China

西北地区地处欧亚大陆腹地,水汽来源匮乏,干旱是其主要气候特征。近年来随着区域降水的不断增加,中国西北暖湿化问题引起国际及国内相关领域科学家和社会各界的广泛关注。为了揭示中国西北气候暖湿化增强东扩特征与形成机制及其重要环境效应,科学回应社会关切,研究团队利用多源融合数据,从多尺度、多维度对中国西北暖湿化问题开展全面深入研究,发现了西北湿化趋势具有显著的非线性增强特征,且湿化正在向东扩展,本世纪内西北仍维持暖湿趋势,明确了西北陆面蒸散对气候变暖具有特殊的负反馈机制,揭示了西北湿化趋势受多因子综合驱动机制;评估了西北暖湿化对区域生态环境、水资源、农业生产和粮食安全的重要影响及其互馈效应;提出了应对西北暖湿化的技术对策,形成了“西北地区气候暖湿化增强东扩特征及其形成机制与重要环境影响”系列研究成果。基于研究的重大决策咨询报告为新时代西部大开发和黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等国家战略发挥了重要决策支撑,成果也受到国际学界广泛关注,并入选2022年度“中国生态环境十大科技进展”。

The northwest region of China is located in the hinterland of Eurasia,in which the source of water vapor is scarce,and drought is its main climatic feature.In recent years,with the continuous increase of regional precipitation,the warming and wetting in Northwest China has attracted great attention from all walks of life.In order to scientifically respond to social concerns,the team used multi-source data to conduct in-depth research on the phenomenon of warming and wetting in Northwest China from multi-scale and multi-dimensional perspectives,and found that the trend of wetting in Northwest China had significant and nonlinear enhancement characteristics.It is recognized that the wetting in Northwest China is expanding eastward,and the land surface evapotranspiration there has a special negative feedback mechanism on climate warming.It is estimated that the warming and wetting trend will still maintain in Northwest China in this century,and the wetting trend is driven by multi-factor comprehensive driving mechanism.The multiaspect impacts of the warming and wetting in Northwest China are evaluated,and the technical countermeasures to deal with the warming and wetting there are put forward,and the research results of“the enhancement and eastward expansion of climate warming and humidification,formation mechanism and important environmental impacts in Northwest China”are formed.The major consultation report based on the research results has played an important decision-making support for the national strategies such as the development of the western region in the new era and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research results were selected as“China's Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Ecological Environment”in 2022,and have also received extensive attention from the international academic communities.