脑机接口医学应用的研发现状与趋势

The research status and development trends of brain-computer interfaces in medicine

脑机接口已成为各国重点布局的前沿技术之一,医学应用是其最重要的应用场景。本文通过定性定量结合方法,梳理了脑机接口医学应用的发展历程和重要场景,分析其研发态势并展望未来趋势。结果表明,脑机接口医学应用的研究热点包括脑电信号处理与解析、机器学习算法开发与应用、神经系统疾病检测与治疗等;技术重点包括新型电极等硬件开发、脑电信号处理算法软件开发,以及脑卒中患者的康复训练等医学应用。目前已有若干侵入式和非侵入式脑机接口处于临床试验阶段。美国和中国正引领着脑机接口的研发,且均有一批非侵入式脑机接口获批上市。未来,脑机接口将应用于更广泛的医疗领域,相关产品将从单一模式向组合模式发展,脑电信号采集设备将具备小型化、无线化等特征。大脑与机器之间的双向信息流动与交互将催生脑机融合智能。脑机接口的安全性和伦理问题会受到重视,相关监管措施和行业规范将更加完善。

Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world,and have been mainly applicated in medicine.In this article,we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application,analyzed the research progress,technology development,clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis,and looked forward to the future trends.The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram(EEG)signals,the development and application of machine learning algorithms,and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases.The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes,software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing,and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients.Currently,several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research.The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world,and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs.In the future,BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields.Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode.EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless.The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brainmachine fusion intelligence.Last but not least,the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously,and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.