代谢组学在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

Research progress of metabolomics in diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病造成严重视力损害的微血管并发症之一,是成年人致盲的主要原因。代谢异常在DR的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,包括糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、嘌呤代谢水平异常,其预示着DR进展过程中存在磷酸戊糖途径、精氨酸代谢途径、多元醇途径和抗坏血酸途径的失调。代谢组学在探究DR的发病机制和诊断DR上具有巨大优势,有助于识别DR的特征性代谢变化,发现潜在的生物标志物。但现有关于DR的代谢组学研究存在一些局限,如由于种族、年龄、性别、样本量的差异,一些研究中发现的潜在生物标志物很难在其他研究中得到验证;对DR不同阶段的生物标志物的研究较少。因此,未来还需要开展多中心、大规模的临床研究,来筛选出具有实际临床诊断价值的生物标志物。

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus causing severe visual impairment,and it is the main cause of blindness in adults.Metabolic abnormalities play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR,including the abnormal levels of glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism and purine metabolism,which indicate that there are disorders of phosphopentose pathway,arginine metabolism pathway,polyol pathway and ascorbic acid pathway in the progression of DR.Metabolomics has great advantages in exploring the pathogenesis and diagnosis of DR,helping to identify the characteristic metabolic changes of DR And discover potential biomarkers.However,the existing metabolomics studies on DR have some limitations,such as the potential biomarkers found in some studies are difficult to verify in other studies due to differences in race,age,gender and sample size.There are few studies on biomarkers at different stages of DR.Therefore,in the future,multi-center and large-scale clinical studies are needed to screen out biomarkers with practical clinical diagnostic value.