外泌体相关作用因子在结直肠癌诊治中的研究进展

Research progress of exosome-related factors in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是最常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,且近年来呈现上升和年轻态趋势。针对结直肠癌的治疗,除传统的手术、放疗、化疗等手段外,免疫治疗和靶向治疗已成为当前临床的研究热点,其中肿瘤源性外泌体在结直肠癌诊治过程中的优势逐渐凸显,参与了肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭和转移过程,可作为结直肠癌的诊断标志物、细胞间信息媒介和药物载体,在结直肠癌的免疫治疗和靶向治疗中发挥重要作用。但外泌体(exosome,Exo)在临床应用中还面临着诸多挑战和问题。本文将对Exo在结直肠癌诊治过程中相关因子的作用,包括作为生物标志物、载体功能、介导耐药、免疫调节、促血管生成等功能进行系统性综述,使其更好应用于结直肠癌的早期诊断、治疗和预后监测等,也为其他肿瘤的诊治提供借鉴。

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system,its incidence has been in creasing recently.In addition to traditional surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,immunotherapy and targeted therapy have become crucial areas in clinical research.Recently,the advantages of exosomes in diagnosing and treating CRC have gradually become prominent.Moreover,tumor-derived exosomes are not only involved in the occurrence and development of tumors,angiogenesis,invasion,and metastasis but also play an important role in the immunotherapy and targeted therapy of CRC as diagnostic markers,important intercellular information vectors,and drug carriers.However,the clinical application of exosomes still needs to be further investigated.Therefore,in this study,the role of related factors in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC,such as biomarkers,vector functions,mediating drug resistance,immune regulation,promoting angiogenesis,and other functions,were systematically analyzed.These results would help better apply exosomes in the early diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic monitoring of CRC and provide a reference for the better application of exosomes in clinical diagnosis and treatment of other tumors.