不同储能技术的经济性及应用前景分析

Economic Analysis and Applications Prospect of Energy Storage Technologies

储能是提高可再生能源消纳、减少弃风弃光、稳定电网输出的关键技术。该文总结了储能产业的现状和发展空间,分析了不同储能技术的特点、成熟度和主要参数,并对不同储能技术的度电成本及与天然气调峰电站的经济性进行比较,展望了储能技术在石油石化领域的应用前景。研究表明:不同储能时长下各种储能技术表现出不同的竞争力,其中磷酸铁锂电池、抽水储能或盐穴压缩空气储能、氢储能分别在短时、中长时和长时储能场景下显示出相对优势;但目前氢储能成本仍高于天然气调峰电站。结合石油石化行业特性,建议近期从磷酸铁锂电池储能、盐穴压缩空气储能、天然气发电等方面进行相关布局,推动储能与新能源协同发展,未来采用氢储能进行补充替代。

Energy storage is the key technology to improve the consumption of renewable energy,reduces the curtailment of wind and solar,and stabilizes the output of power grid.This paper summarizes the current situation and development prediction of energy storage industry,analyzes the characteristics,maturity and main parameters of different energy storage technologies.Furthermore,economic comparisons among different energy storage types are made,including energy storage technology and natural gas peaking power station.Finally,the application prospect of energy storage technology in petroleum and petrochemical field is proposed.The research shows that various energy storage technologies show different competitiveness under different stage,among which lithium iron batteries,pumped water or salt cavern compressed air energy storage and hydrogen storage show relative advantages in short-term,medium-term and long-term energy storage scenarios respectively.However,the current cost of hydrogen storage is still higher than that of natural gas peak shaving plant.Combined with demand of the petroleum and petrochemical industry,the promising energy storage application to promote the coordinated development between energy storage and the clean energy are proposed,including the recent development of lithium iron batteries,salt cavern compressed air energy storage and natural gas power generation,and to use hydrogen energy for supplement in the future.