紫苏种质资源遗传多样性分析与综合评价

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive assessment of Perilla germplasm resources

为明确紫苏种质资源性状特点与遗传多样性,对保存的528份紫苏种质资源11个基本农艺性状进行了遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,528份紫苏种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,果穗数和单株产量的变异系数最大(分别为54.27%和53.44%),种子含油率变异系数最小(11.62%),单株产量遗传多样性指数最高(2.05),平均遗传多样性指数为1.89。相关性分析结果显示,单株产量与千粒重、分枝数、果穗数、种子含油率、主穗长及粒色6个性状均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示,株型、产量、籽粒数和粒色4个主成分代表了71.89%的性状信息。通过聚类分析将这些紫苏种质划分为5个类群,各类群间农艺性状差异明显,其中类群I具有单株产量高、种子含油率高的特点,具有较高的育种利用潜力。本研究明确了528份紫苏种质资源的遗传多样性特征和各性状间的关联性,筛选出一批性状特异的种质,可为紫苏遗传育种中亲本选配及优良种质资源的挖掘提供依据。

To clarify the characteristics and genetic diversity of perilla germplasm resources,the genetic varia-tion,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis of 528 preserved perilla accessions were performed based on 11 main agronomic traits.Results showed that rich genetic diversity was found among these accessions.The vari-able coefficients of panicle number and grain yield per plant were the largest(54.27%and 53.44%,respectively),while that of seed oil content was the lowest(11.62%);the genetic diversity index of yield per plant was the highest(2.05),and the average genetic diversity index was 1.89.The results of correlation analysis indicated that grain yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with thousand-grain weight,number of branches,number of panicles,seed oil content,length of main panicle and grain color.The result of principal component analysis showed that four principal components of plant type factors,yield factors,seeds number factors and grain color fac-tors,represented 71.883%of all trait information.These perilla germplasm was divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis,and there were obvious differences in agronomic characters among various groups.Particularly,Group I has the characteristics of high yield per plant and high seed oil content and has high breeding and utilization poten-tial.Here,the genetic diversity and the correlation between basic agronomic characters of 528 perilla accessions were explained,and a number of elite accessions with specific characters were screened,which can provide a basis for perilla breeding and utilization of excellent germplasm resources.