花生/玉米间作对昆虫群落多样性及产量的影响

Effects of peanut/maize intercropping on insect community diversity and yield in peanut field

为探讨花生/玉米间作模式生物多样性变化及对害虫的控害能力,开展了花生/玉米间作对昆虫群落多样性及作物产量的影响研究,于作物生长期开展昆虫群落多样性调查,并在收获期对花生、玉米进行测产。结果表明:花生/玉米(12∶3)间作显著提高了整体区域昆虫群落物种数、多样性指数、丰富度指数与群落均匀度指数,降低了生态优势度指数;其中间作系统花生带与花生单作间各项指数均未表现出明显差异。花生/玉米间作增加了整体区域内天敌的发生数量、物种数和丰富度指数,但对间作系统花生带天敌未表现出明显影响。花生/玉米间作整体区域害虫发生数量降低,同时害虫物种数、群落多样性指数与丰富度指数提高;与单作花生相比,间作花生带害虫数量显著下降,其它群落特征指数未受明显影响。花生/玉米(12∶3)间作下花生产量未受明显影响,但玉米产量显著提高55.16%。本研究说明花生/玉米间作显著提高了昆虫的生物多样性,对害虫有一定的控害作用,而且花生/玉米12∶3模式对玉米生长有利。

To investigate the impact of peanut/maize intercropping on both insect community diversity and crop yield,insect community diversity was evaluated during crop growth period,and yields of peanut and maize were measured during harvest.Results indicated that species richness,diversity index,richness index and communi-ty evenness index increased significantly with peanut/maize(12∶3)intercropping in the whole area.However the ecological dominance index decreased with no significant difference between peanut intercropping system and pea-nut monoculture.At the same time,peanut/maize intercropping enriched the number,species and richness index of natural enemies in the whole region,although with no significant effect on natural enemies in peanut belt for the intercropping system.Furthermore,the number of pests in peanut/maize intercropping decreased,and the number of pest species,community diversity index and richness index increased.Compared with peanut monoculture,the number of pests in intercropping peanut belt decreased significantly,and other community characteristics changed not significantly.Peanut/maize(12∶3)intercropping had not significant effect on peanut yield,but maize yield in-creased significantly by 55.16%.The results showed that peanut/maize intercropping improve the insect biodiver-sity and reduce pest quantity significantly.The 12∶3 peanut/maize model is beneficial to maize growth.