钙改性玄武岩纤维对人工湿地污水处理性能的提升

Enhancement of wastewater treatment performance in constructed wetlands by calcium-modified basalt fiber

为研究钙改性玄武岩纤维(Ca-MBF)及其填充方式对人工湿地污水处理性能的影响,构建中试规模的分层平铺和垂直填充Ca-MBF人工湿地,并与传统人工湿地的除污效果、酶活性空间分布、胞外聚合物含量及微生物群落结构进行对比.结果表明,Ca-MBF能提高人工湿地微生物多样性和丰富度,增加基质上层与中层硝化菌和反硝化菌丰度,促进功能属之间合作.Ca-MBF显著提高了湿地中层和下层的酶活性,使整个系统的平均酶活性升高(氨单加氧酶、亚硝酸氧化还原酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶和磷酸酶).此外,Ca-MBF促进了胞外聚合物的分泌,平均增加了29.02%~52.90%.Ca-MBF能提升湿地去除污染物的能力,分层平铺的Ca-MBF湿地效果最好,其对氨氮、总氮和总磷去除率分别提高16.72%、6.95%和6.30%.这些结果为Ca-MBF人工湿地的应用提供了有价值的参考.

To investigate the effects of calcium-modified basalt fiber(Ca-MBF)and its filling mode on the wastewater treatment performance of constructed wetlands(CWs),two pilot-scale CWs with vertical-filling and layered-tiling Ca-MBF were developed and compared with a conventional CW for pollution removal effect,enzyme activity spatial distribution,extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)content,and microbial community structure.The results showed that Ca-MBF could improve the microbial diversity and richness of CWs,increase nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the upper and middle layers of the substrates,and promote cooperation between functional genera.Ca-MBF significantly increased the enzyme activities in the middle and lower layers of CWs,resulting in higher average enzyme activity(ammonia monooxygenase,nitrite oxidoreductase,nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase,and phosphatase)of the whole system.Additionally,Ca-MBF facilitated the secretion of EPS with an average increase of 29.02%to 52.90%.Overall,Ca-MBF enhanced the ability of CWs to remove pollutants,in which the CW with layered-tiling Ca-MBF achieved the best treatment effect,with 16.72%,6.95%,and 6.30%increase in ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus removal,respectively.These results could provide valuable references for the application of Ca-MBF CWs.