不典型A型胸腺瘤临床病理特征及研究进展

Clinicopathological features and research progress of atypical type A thymoma

胸腺上皮肿瘤是前纵隔最常见的肿瘤,而不典型A型胸腺瘤是一种罕见的胸腺上皮肿瘤亚型,该亚型在经典A型胸腺瘤的形态学基础上表现出一定程度的不典型组织学特征,如富于细胞、核分裂象增多、坏死、Ki67阳性数值增高等。目前,关于该类肿瘤的临床病理资料较少,自正式命名以来,全球仅有16例个案报道。该文对相关文献进行全面的回顾,试图从病理学特征、临床表现及流行病学特征、鉴别诊断几个方面对不典型A型胸腺瘤进行系统阐述,以期提高对该病的认识。

Thymic epithelial tumors represent the most common neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum,while atypical type A thymoma is a rare subtype of thymoma.On the morphological basis of type A thymoma,this tumor exhibits some atypical histological features,such as abundant cells,increased mitotic counts,tumor necrosis,and increased Ki67 index.At present,the clinical and pathological data of this tumor is still available.Since it was formally named,16 cases have been reported around the world.In order to improve the understanding of the disease,this article reviews the related literature and tries to elaborate the atypical type A thymoma from the aspects of pathological features,clinical manifestations,epidemiology and differential diagnosis.