胡桃楸不同种源及家系间生长性状的遗传变异

Analysis of Variation in Growth Traits of Different Species and Families of Juglans mandshurica

在黑龙江省宾县万人欢林场试验地,选择胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)种源试验林、家系试验林为研究对象,种源试验林试验种子来自黑龙江省15个种源地(以当地试验种子为对照)、家系试验林试验种子来自14个种源的133个胡桃楸半同胞家系(以当地试验种子为对照);种源、家系试验林均于2014年秋季播种,2016年春季定植,试验采用完全随机区组设计,种源试验林为1个小区(小区9~10株,4次重复)、家系试验林为5个小区(小区8~12株,4次重复),株行距均为3 m×4 m。分别于2019、2020、2021年11月份,对5~7年生胡桃楸种源、半同胞家系试验林的树高、胸径等性状进行每木测量,利用测量的3 a树高、胸径,计算2020年连年生长量、2021年连年生长量;以树高连年生长量、胸径连年生长量、家系遗传力、变异系数、种源现实增益、家系遗传增益为评价指标,采用方差分析、布雷津多性状综合评定法,分析胡桃楸种源与家系间生长性状遗传变异规律、遴选优良种源家系。结果表明:种源各年度间大部分性状在各变异来源间差异极显著,家系各年度各性状在各变异来源间差异极显著。种源树高变异系数变化范围为21.97%~38.79%、胸径变异系数变化范围为27.99%~36.47%,家系树高变异系数变化范围为24.23%~41.54%、胸径变异系数变化范围为30.08%~45.33%。家系各年度各性状遗传力的变化范围为0.79~0.90,其中7年生树高超过了0.90。利用多性状综合评价法,以20%的入选率进行优良种源、家系选择,初步选出3个优良种源(宾县大泉子、富锦、宝清)、27个优良家系;入选的3个种源,树高的现实增益为9.75%、胸径的现实增益为13.80%、树高连年生长量的现实增益为9.54%、胸径连年生长量的现实增益为8.50%;入选的27个优良家系,树高的遗传增益为11.84%、胸径的遗传增益为14.32%、树高连年生长量的遗传增益为8.84%、胸径连年生长量的遗传增益为6.39%。对胡桃楸的生长性状综合分析表明,在胡桃楸种源和家系间均存在丰富的变异,可以进行优良种源、家系的初步筛选。

In the experimental site of Wanhuan Forest Farm in Bin County, Heilongjiang Province, the experimental forest of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. seed source and family experimental forest were selected as the research objects, and the seed source experimental forest experimental forest was from 15 seed source areas in Heilongjiang Province (local experimental seeds were used as the control), and the experimental seeds of the family experimental forest were from 133 semi-sibling families of J. mandshurica from 14 seed sources (local experimental seeds were used as the control). The seed source and family experimental forest were sown in the fall of 2014 and planted in the spring of 2016, and the experiment adopted a completely random block design, the seed source experimental forest was 1 community (9-10 plants in the community, 4 repeats), and the family test forest was 5 communities (8-12 plants in the community, 4 repeats), and the plant row spacing was 3 m×4 m. In November 2019, 2020 and 2021, the tree height and breast diameter of the 5-7-year-old walnut seed source and semi-sibling family test forest were measured for each tree, and the measured 3-a tree height and breast diameter were used to calculate the annual growth in 2020 and 2021. Taking the annual growth of tree height, breast diameter annual growth, family heritability, coefficient of variation, seed source reality gain, and family genetic gain as the evaluation indexes, analysis of variance and comprehensive evaluation of Brezin multiple traits were used to analyze the genetic variation of growth traits between the seed source and the family lineage, and select excellent seed source lineages. The results showed that most of the traits in each year of the seed source were very different between the sources of variation, and the traits in each year of the family line were very different between the sources of variation. The variation range of high coefficient of variation of seed source trees was 21.97%-38.79%, the variation range of breast diameter coefficient variation coefficient was 27.99%-36.47%, the variation range of high coefficient of variation of family trees was 24.23%-41.54%, and the variation range of chest diameter coefficient of variation was 30.08%-45.33%. The heritability of each trait in each year of the family line ranged in 0.79-0.90, among which the height of the 7-year-old tree exceeded 0.90. Using the comprehensive evaluation method of multiple traits, excellent seed sources and lineages were selected with a 20% inclusion rate, and 3 excellent seed sources (Daquanzi, Fujin and Baoqing in Binxian County) and 27 excellent family lines were preliminarily selected. Among the three selected species, the realistic gain of tree height was 9.75%, the realistic gain of breast diameter was 13.80%, the realistic gain of continuous growth of tree height was 9.54%, and the realistic gain of continuous growth of breast diameter was 8.50%. The genetic gain of the 27 selected excellent family trees was 11.84%, the genetic gain of breast diameter was 14.32%, the genetic gain of tree height continuous growth was 8.84%, and the genetic gain of breast diameter continuous annual growth was 6.39%. The comprehensive analysis of the growth traits of walnut showed that there were abundant variations between the seed sources and families of Walnut Rowan, and the preliminary screening of excellent seed sources and families could be carried out.