多维视角下土地规模经营与农村社区发展研究

Research on Land Scale Operation and Rural Community Development:A Multidimensional Perspective

经营规模的转变不仅是经济层面的转变,还连带社会层面的转型。文章从多维视角分析农业规模经营对农村社区社会经济福祉的影响,构建一个涵盖社区经济福祉、社区社会结构与社会关系、乡村治理等多维度的研究框架。在此框架下,比较分析了三种不同规模经营形式对社区福祉影响的差异性:中农农场规模经营模式下,农村社区家庭间收入差距较小,形成的中农阶层具有显著的治理优势,能够更好地实现乡村社会治理;家庭农场规模经营模式下,社区内收入差距拉大,但家庭农场具有带动小农增收的示范作用,二者形成的利益联结机制有助于增强社会团结,乡村治理主体结构更加多元;企业型农场规模经营模式下,小农和中农面临农业就业机会丧失,农村社会阶层分化加剧,农场经营者成为影响乡村社会的重要阶层和力量,弱化了乡村治理的本地力量,削弱了乡村治理的目标公共性。

The transformation of the scale of operation is not only a change at the economic level,but also a transition at the social level.This study analyzes the impact of scale operation on the socio-economic well-being of communities from a multidimensional perspective,and constructs a multidimensional research framework covering community economic well-being,community social structure and social relations,and rural governance.Under this framework,this study conducts a comparative analysis of the differences of the impact of three different scale mod-els on community well-being:Under the middle-farmer farm scale-operation mode,the income gap between fami-lies in rural communities is small,and the middle-class rural class formed has significant governance advantages and can better achieve rural social governance;under the family farm scale-operation mode,the income gap within the community has widened,but the family farm has a demonstration role to give an impetus to the income increase of small farmers,and the interest connection mechanism formed by the two helps to strengthen social unity with the main structure of rural governance being more diversified;under the enterprise-type farm scale-operation mode,small farmers and middle farmers face the loss of agricultural employment opportunities,the differentiation of rural social classes has intensified,and farm operators have become an important class and force affecting rural society,resulting in the weakening of local forces in rural governance and the weakening of the publicity of rural governance goals.