产妇对产后保健知识认知及产后访视需求的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Puerpera’s Cognition of Postpartum Health Care Knowledge and Demand for Postpartum Visit

目的调查产妇产后保健知识认知及产后访视需求水平,并行相关分析。方法选择2019年1月—2021年1月在厦门大学附属东南医院住院部行分娩并建立电子档案的65例产妇作为研究对象,采用自制的一般资料调查问卷、保健知识认知调查问卷及产后访视需求调查问卷进行调查。结果发放65份调查问卷,完整回收65份,问卷回收有效率100%。产后保健知识认知调查结果显示,高蛋白/高脂肪、禁食/少食蔬果、多穿衣、门窗紧闭等保健知识知晓率分别为52.31%、58.46%、53.85%和55.38%;乳房热敷按摩、乳头破裂乳汁涂抹及婴幼儿常见疾病的预防等保健知识知晓率分别为16.92%、15.38%和16.92%。产后保健知识知晓率良好21例、知晓率不佳44例,且知晓率良好组在学历为大专及以上、医保类型为生育保险、年龄≥25岁及居住地为城镇的占比均高于知晓率不良组(均P<0.05);logistic结果显示,高中及以下、自费、年龄<25岁、农村均为产后保健知识知晓率不佳的影响因素。产后访视需求调查中,产后需求访视56例,需求率86.15%,访视内容中乳房护理、皮肤护理及其他需求率分别为70.77%、72.31%和75.39%,访视次数≥3次需求率为53.85%,访视方式家访需求率为73.85%,访视人员资质要求中保健医师需求率为36.92%。65例产妇产后访视次数3~5次,平均访视次数(3.05±0.20)次。第1次访视中产妇、新生儿不良临床结局总发生率为24.62%、20.00%;第2次访视中产妇、新生儿不良临床结局总发生率为4.62%、3.08%。结论当前产妇对乳房、母婴喂养、皮肤护理等较专业的保健知识认识尚缺乏,高中及以下学历、自费生产、年龄<25岁、农村等因素会影响产妇产后保健知识认知;产后访视以专业保健知识、访视次数≥3次、家访及更专业的保健医师、临床医师等需求率较高。

Objective To investigate the cognition of postpartum health care knowledge and demand for postpartum visit,and to conduct correlation analysis.Methods A total of 65 women who gave birth in the Inpatient Department of Southeast Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2019 to January 2021 and set up electronic records were selected as the research objects.The general data questionnaire,health knowledge cognition questionnaire and postpartum visiting demand questionnaire were used to conduct the investigation.Results A total of 65 questionnaires were issued and 65 were completely recovered,with the recovery efficiency of 100%.The survey results showed that the awareness rates of health care knowledge,such as high protein/high fat,fasting/eating less fruits and vegetables,wearing more clothes and closing doors and windows,were 52.31%,58.46%,53.85%and 55.38%,respectively.The awareness rates of health care knowledge,such as breast hot compress massage,nipple rupture milk application and prevention of common diseases of infants and young children were 16.92%,15.38%,and 16.92%,respectively.The awareness rate of postpartum health care was good in 21 cases and poor in 44 cases.Moreover,women in good awareness group had college degree and above in education,and their medical insurance type were birth insurance,while age≥25 years old and residence in towns were significantly higher than in poor awareness group(all P<0.05).In addition,Logistic results showed that high school degree and below,self-paid,age<25 years old,and rural areas were all influencing factors for poor knowledge rate of postpartum health care.In the post-natal visit demand survey,there were 56 cases of postnatal visits,the demand rate was 86.15%.The demand rate of breast care,skin care and other demands in the visit content was 70.77%,72.31%and 75.39%,respectively.Tthe demand rate of visits≥3 times was 53.85%,the demand rate of home visits in the visit method was 73.85%,and the demand rate of health care doctors in the qualification requirements of the visit personnel was 36.92%.The average number of postpartum visits was(3.05±0.20)times in 65 cases.The total incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in the first visit was 24.62%and 20.00%,and the total incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in the second visit was 4.62%and 3.08%,respectively.Conclusion There were still a lack of maternal knowledge of breast,maternal and infant feeding,skin care and other professional health knowledge.High school education or below,self-paid birth,age<25 years old,rural areas and so on will affect maternal postpartum health knowledge cognition.The demand rate of postpartum visits was higher for professional health knowledge,visits≥3 times,home visits and more professional health care physicians and clinicians.