1985~2020年上海市不透水面时空特征演化分析

The Analysis on the Evolution of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Impervious Surface in Shanghai from 1985 to 2020

不透水地表的分布与变化是城市发展过程的直观标志和重要指示因子,在城市生态功能、城市规划和可持续发展研究等方面发挥着重要作用。利用中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研发的1985~2020年长时序30m不透水面动态数据集(GISD30),结合GIS空间统计方法,研究分析了过去35 a上海市不透水面时空特征演化。结果表明:①35 a来,上海市不透水面面积从878.07 km^(2)增长至2849.90 km^(2),面积扩张到原来的3.25倍,随着1990年浦东新区的开发开放,上海城市化进程明显加快,1990~2010年上海市不透水面扩张最为显著,2010年以后不透水面扩张速度和扩张强度开始显著下降。②从区位分异特征来看,不透水面迅速扩张的行政区主要位于城市郊区,其中,浦东新区在各个研究时段的扩张速度均大于其他区划。③基于紧凑度和分形维数发现,中心城区不透水面空间分布结构趋于疏散,上海市整体不透水面边界复杂程度降低,城市空间形态更加规则。④“南北两翼”的上海城市扩张特点较为明显,南部郊区的高强度扩张带动了不透水面空间重心的持续南移,发展至2010年以后,上海市不透水面空间布局开始趋于稳定。当下,资源环境紧约束背景下,上海城市发展面临诸多挑战,研究结果对于上海城市更新工作的有效推进具有参考价值。

The distribution and change of impervious surface is an intuitive sign and important indicator of the urban development process,and it plays an important role in urban ecological functions,urban planning and sustainable development research.This study uses the long time series 30m impervious surface dynamic data set(GISD30)from 1985 to 2020 developed by the Institute of Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,combined with GIS spatial statistical methods,to study and analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of impervious surfaces in Shanghai over the past 35 years.The results show that:(1)Over the past 35 years,the impervious surface area of Shanghai has increased from 878.07 km^(2) to 2849.90 km^(2),and the area has expanded to 3.25 times the original size.With the development and opening of the Pudong New Area in 1990,the urbanization process of Shanghai has accelerated significantly.The expansion of impervious surfaces in Shanghai was the most significant from 1990 to 2010.After 2010,the expansion speed and intensity of impervious surfaces began to decline significantly.(2)From the perspective of location differentiation characteristics,the rapid expansion of impervious surface area is mainly located in the suburbs of the city.Among them,the expansion rate of Pudong New Area in each study period is faster than that of other districts.(3)Based on the compactness and fractal dimension,it is found that the spatial distribution structure of impervious surfaces in the central urban area tends to be evacuated,the complexity of the overall impervious surface boundary in Shanghai is reduced,and the urban spatial form is more regular.(4)The urban development layout of“North and South Wings”in Shanghai is relatively obvious.The high-intensity expansion of the southern suburbs has driven the continuous southward shift of the impervious surface space.After 2010,the layout of the impervious surface space in Shanghai has begun to stabilize.At present,under the background of tight resource and environment constraints,Shanghai's urban development faces many challenges.This study has reference value for the effective promotion of Shanghai's urban renewal work.