杭州市2017-2021年蚊虫种群密度与季节消长监测结果分析

An analysis of mosquito population density and seasonal fluctuation monitoring results in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province,China,2017-2021

目的了解杭州市2017-2021年媒介蚊虫密度及季节消长规律,为媒介控制和蚊媒传染病防制提供科学依据。方法采用诱蚊灯法,按照《全国病媒生物监测实施方案》和《浙江省病媒生物监测工作方案》,每年4-11月对杭州市15个区(市、县)开展监测。使用Excel 2016软件对监测数据进行汇总,使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析,不同年份间蚊虫构成比差异进行卡方检验、不同生境间蚊密度差异进行单因素方差分析。结果2017-2021年杭州市蚊密度为1.99只(/灯·夜),捕获的蚊虫以淡色/致倦库蚊为主,占71.90%;蚊虫密度季节消长趋势总体呈双峰型,7和10月为密度高峰。淡色/致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊和骚扰阿蚊5类蚊种在不同年份间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。在不同的生境中,牲畜棚/养殖场平均蚊密度最高,达4.92只(/灯·夜);医院的平均蚊密度最低,为1.35只(/灯·夜);其中中华按蚊、骚扰阿蚊在不同生境中的密度差异均有统计学意义(F=3.581,P=0.023;F=5.431,P=0.004)。各类生境中均以淡色/致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,其次是三带喙库蚊、骚扰阿蚊、白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊,5类蚊虫均以牲畜棚/养殖场的密度最高。结论杭州市蚊密度总体处于较低水平,以淡色/致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,在今后的工作中应重点加强牲畜棚/养殖场的蚊虫防制工作,建议各区(市、县)根据蚊媒密度变化、分布及季节消长规律采取针对性的蚊媒防制措施。

Objective To investigate the density and seasonal fluctuations of vector mosquitoes in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province,China from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for vector control and mosquito-borne disease prevention.Methods The light trap method was used to investigate 15 districts/counties/cities in Hangzhou from April to November,2017-2021,in accordance with the"National Vector Surveillance Program"and"Zhejiang Province Vector Surveillance Program".Excel 2016 software was used to summarize the monitoring data,and SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The Chi-square test was used for the difference of mosquito composition ratio in different years,and one-way ANOVA was used for the difference of mosquito density in different habitats.Results From 2017 to 2021,the mosquito density in Hangzhou was 1.99 mosquitoes/light·night,and Culex pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus(71.90%)was the dominant species.The seasonal fluctuation trend of mosquito density generally showed a bimodal curve,peaking in July and October.There were statistical differences in densities of Cx.pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Aedes albopictus,Anopheles sinensis,and Armigeres subalbatus between different years(all P<0.001).In terms of various habitats,livestock barns/farms had the highest mean mosquito density(4.92 mosquitoes/light·night),and hospitals had the lowest(1.35 mosquitoes/light·night).There were statistical differences in densities of An.sinensis and Ar.subalbatus between various habitats(F=3.581,P=0.023;F=5.431,P=0.004).Cx.pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus was the dominant mosquito species in various habitats,followed by Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Ar.subalbatus,Ae.albopictus,and An.sinensis.Livestock barns/farms had the highest mosquito densities in terms of any of the above five species.Conclusions The mosquito density in Hangzhou is generally at a low level.Cx.pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus is the dominant species.In future mosquito control,livestock barns/farms should be highlighted for special attention.Local districts/cities/counties should take targeted mosquito control measures based on their density changes,distribution,and seasonal fluctuations.