云南省禄劝县小型兽类群落结构和物种多样性

Community structure and species diversity of small mammals in Luquan county,Yunnan province

目的了解云南省禄劝县小型兽类的物种组成、分布和物种多样性,为禄劝县鼠传疾病防控工作提供参考依据。方法在禄劝县辖区海拔1000~3700 m间选择居民区、农耕区和林区等生境进行小型兽类的调查取样,所获数据运用群落生态学方法进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果共捕获小型兽类3目7科14属27种共408只,总捕获率为13.07%;居民区优势种为黄胸鼠(45.46%)、褐家鼠(36.36%)和小家鼠(18.18%),野外优势种为齐氏姬鼠(19.95%)和大绒鼠(19.69%);居民区、农耕区和林区3种生境的捕获率分别为1.75%、18.97%和31.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=268.985,P<0.001)。小型兽类物种丰富度和多样性以农耕区最高,优势度和均匀度以居民区最高;在海拔梯度Ⅲ~Ⅴ带(2000~3500 m)丰富度和多样性相对较高;丰富度与密度随海拔升高而增加,到一定海拔梯度后缓慢下降,呈单峰分布。结论禄劝县小型兽类物种丰富;黄胸鼠、褐家鼠与齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠分别为居民区与农耕区或林区的优势种,提示当地存在鼠传疾病流行传播的潜在风险。

Objective To understand the species composition,distribution,and species diversity of small mammals in Luquan county,and to provide reference basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in Luquan county.Methods Small mammals were surveyed and sampled from residential areas,farming areas and forest areas at altitudes of 1000-3700 m in Luquan county.The community structure and diversity index of small mammals were calculated and analyzed by community ecology method.Chi-square analysis was used for comparison of rates.Results A total of 408 small mammals were captured,belonging to 3 orders,7 families,14 genera and 27 species.The total capture rate was 13.07%.The indoor dominant species were Rattus tanezumi(45.46%),R.norvegicus(36.36%)and Mus musculus(18.18%),while the field dominant species were Apodemus chinensis(19.95%)and Eothenomys miletus(19.69%).The capture rates of residential areas,farming areas and forest areas were 1.75%,18.97%,and 31.23%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=268.985,P<0.001).The species richness and diversity of small mammals were the highest in farming area,and the dominance and evenness were the highest in residential area.In the altitude gradient 2000-3500 m,the richness and diversity are relatively high.The richness and density increase with elevation,but decrease slowly after a certain elevation gradient,showing unimodal distribution.Conclusions There are rich species and high diversity of small mammals.R.tanezumi and R.norvegicus,A.chinensis and E.miletus were dominant species in residential,farming or forest areas,respectively.This suggests that there is a potential risk for the spread of rodent borne diseases.