心理时间框架下的旅游研究:现状与展望

Tourism Research under The Psychological Time Framework:Current Status and Prospect

旅游学科是一个建立在时空视角下的学科,旅游行为是游客闲暇时间在非惯常环境下的休憩和游玩行为。然而,目前关于旅游时间的学术研究主要关注客观时间,旅游学术界对主观心理时间的研究较为缺乏。文章基于时间主客观性及时间属性(时距、时序、时点)构建了旅游心理时间研究框架,并在系统文献评述的基础上,提出4个基于心理时间框架下的旅游研究方向:旅游者时序知觉与时点知觉对旅游决策及旅游体验的影响、旅游心理时间与时间记忆的相互关系、跨文化差异对时间框架下旅游心理及旅游决策的影响、旅游者时间稀缺感与时间压力的影响。文章提出的旅游心理时间研究框架勾画了旅游时间研究的逻辑框架,为后续旅游心理时间研究奠定了理论基础。

Time is the core resource that runs through people's lives.Individuals'time perception and time perspective significantly influence their psychological cognition and behavioral decisions.Although an amount of tourism studies have focused on leisure and recreational activities in unusual environments from the perspectives of temporal and spatial flow.However,research on tourism temporal issues is more frequent on objective time,while subjective time is underestimated in the field of tourism.This article proposes an analytical model for time analysis based on the subjectivity and objectivity of time and time attributes(temporal duration,temporal succession,and temporal locus).It further constructs a framework for tourism research from the perspective of psychological time.The temporal duration designates the interval that each event lawts,whereas the temporal succession designates the order in which the events or changes occur.The temporal locus represents the precise time or temporal landmark at which the event occurs.This framework allows researchers to investigate how tourists perceive time,how they take time to make decisions,and how they remember and evaluate their temporal experiences.By adopting a multidimensional perspective of time,researchers can gain a more nuanced understanding of tourism behavior and provide practical insights for tourism management and marketing.Based on a systematic literature review,this article proposes four future research directions for tourism studies under the perspective of psychological time:1)the impact of tourists'temporal succession perception and temporal locus perception on tourism decision-making and tourism experience.By understanding how tourists'time perception affects their behavior,tourism practitioners can design products and services that meet tourists'needs and preferences;2)the relationship between tourists'psychological time and temporal memory.By examining how tourists'temporal memory works,tourism practitioners can create more memorable and satisfying experiences that lead to positive word-of-mouth;3)cross-cultural differences and their impact on tourists'psychological response and decision-making under the time framework.By studying these cultural differences,tourism practitioners can customize their services and communication strategies to different target markets and improve their cross-cultural competency;and 4)solutions to social problems such as time scarcity and time pressure.This article highlights the importance of incorporating psychological time into tourism research and provides a new perspective and direction for future studies.By developing innovative solutions that address these problems,tourism practitioners can create a more sustainable and inclusive tourism industry that benefits both tourists and local communities.Through considering the psychological time,researchers and practitioners can better understand tourists'decision-making processes,experiences,and behavior,which can develop effective strategies to improve tourism services and enhance tourist experience.