早期补饲粗料对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能和反刍时长影响

Effects of Early Supplement of Coarse Feed on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation Performance and Ruminant Duration of Calves

为探讨早期补饲粗料对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能和反刍时长的影响。方法:选取某牛养殖场2021年12月出生的体质量为(32.17±1.44)kg的60只犊牛作为研究对象,依据是否在早期补饲粗料对研究样本量进行分组,分别为粗料组(n=30)与精料组(n=30),粗料组在精料基础上添加燕麦干草对犊牛进行饲喂,精料组单纯给予精料饲喂,对比并分析不同饲喂方式对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能和反刍时长的影响。结果:在本试验开展的第14天,粗料组与精料组的胸围、体高及体质量对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05),在本试验开展的第42天,精料组犊牛的胸围为(95.32±1.31)cm,粗料组犊牛的胸围为(93.01±1.32)cm,对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05),第42天粗料组与精料组犊牛的体高与体质量对比无统计学意义(P>0.05),在本试验开展的第70天,粗料组犊牛与精料组犊牛的胸围、体高及体质量对比无统计学意义(P>0.05);断奶前,粗料组与精料组犊牛的瘤胃pH值分别为(5.54±0.31)与(5.11±0.46),对比差异显著(P<0.05),断奶后粗料组与精料组犊牛的瘤胃pH值分别为(6.46±0.21)与(6.17±0.23),对比差异显著(P<0.05);断奶前,粗料组与精料组犊牛的VFA值分别为(59.75±2.66)mmol/L与(63.25±2.58)mmol/L,对比差异显著(P<0.05),断奶后粗料组与精料组犊牛的瘤胃VFA值分别为(110.07±5.01)mmol/L与(115.32±5.89)mmol/L,对比差异显著(P<0.05);断奶前,粗料组犊牛与精料组犊牛氨态氮、戊酸、乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸及反刍时长对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05),断奶后,粗料组犊牛与精料组犊牛氨态氮、戊酸、乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸及反刍时长对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:早期补饲粗料可提升犊牛胸围,增加犊牛瘤胃pH值,降低VFA值,对犊牛其他生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能及犊牛的反刍时长并无显著影响。

To investigate the effects of early supplemental feeding of coarse feed on growth performance,rumen fermentation performance and ruminant duration of calves.Method:Sixty calves with a body weight of(32.17±1.44)kg born in a cattle farm in December 2022 were selected as the research objects.The sample size was divided into coarse feed group(n=30)and concentrate group(n=3o)according to whether coarse feed was supplemented at an early stage.The coarse feed group was fed with oat hay on the basis of concentrate feed.The concentrate group was fed with concentrate only,and the effects of different feeding methods on growth performance,rumen fermentation performance and ruminant duration of calves were compared and analyzed.Results:On the 14th day of this experiment,there was no statistical significance in chest circumference,body height and body weight between the coarse feed group and the concentrate group(P>0.05).On the 42nd day of this experiment,the chest circumference of calves in the concentrate group was(95.32±1.31)cm,and that in the coarse feed group was(93.01±1.32)cm.The comparison had statistical significance(P<0.05),the body height and body weight of calves in coarse feed group and concentrate group had no statistical significance on day 42(P>0.05),and the chest circumference,body height and body weight of calves in coarse feed group and concentrate group had no statistical significance on day 70 of this experiment(P>0.05);Before weaning,rumen pH values in coarse feed group and concentrate group were(5.54±0.31)and(5.11±0.46),respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).After weaning,rumen pH values in coarse feed group and concentrate group were(6.46±0.21)and(6.17±0.23),respectively.The comparison difference was significant(P<0.05);Before weaning,the VFA values of calves in coarse feed group and concentrate group were(59.75±2.66)mmol/L and(63.25±2.58)mmol/L,respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Rumen VFA values in coarse feed group and concentrate group after weaning were(110.07±5.01)mmol/L and(115.32±5.89)mmol/L,respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.o5).Before weaning,ammoniacal nitrogen,valerate acid,acetic acid,butyric acid,propionic acid,acetic acid/propionic acid and rumination time of calves in coarse feed group and concentrate group were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but after weaning,ammoniacal nitrogen,valerate acid,acetic acid,butyric acid,propionic acid,acetic acid/propionic acid and rumination time of calves in coarse feed group and concentrate group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:Early supplemental feeding of coarse feed can increase the chest circumference of calves,increase rumen pH value and decrease VFA value,but has no significant effect on other growth performance,rumen fermentation performance and ruminant duration of calves.