四川省三级甲等医院临床护士组织公平、心理资本、职业认同与职业倦怠的关系研究

Study on relationship between organizational justice,psychological capital,professional identity andjob burnout among clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province

目的 了解三级甲等医院临床护士组织公平、心理资本、职业认同与职业倦怠现状,分析心理资本、职业认同在组织公平与职业倦怠中的中介作用。方法 2022年1—2月,采用便利抽样法,利用组织公平感量表、心理资本量表、职业认同量表与职业倦怠量表对四川省3所三级甲等医院1 009名临床护士进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 三级甲等医院临床护士组织公平得分为(70.95±13.48)分,心理资本得分为(102.67±17.85)分,职业认同得分为(98.17±12.20)分,职业倦怠得分为(47.95±11.64)分。护士职业倦怠的总体比例为58.8%,其中轻度、中度和重度职业倦怠的比例分别为35.1%、20.4%和3.3%。不同性别、年龄、工作年限、月均收入的护士职业倦怠总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关分析显示,三级甲等医院临床护士组织公平、心理资本、职业认同各维度得分及总分与情绪衰竭、人格解体得分呈负相关(均P<0.01),与个人成就感得分呈正相关(P<0.01)。中介效应分析显示,心理资本、职业认同在三级甲等医院护士组织公平与职业倦怠中具有链式中介作用,中介效应为-0.129,占总效应的24.48%。结论 三级甲等医院临床护士职业倦怠水平较高,心理资本和职业认同能独立或累积的调解组织公平与工作倦怠之间的联系,护理管理者应加强组织公平,通过有效的策略提高护士的心理资本和职业认同,以降低护士职业倦怠。

Objective To understand the status quo of organizational justice,psychological capital,professional identity and job burnout of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,analyze the mediating role of psychological capital and professional identity in organizational justice and job burnout.Methods From January to February 2022,1009 clinical nurses from threegrade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were collected by the convenience sampling method,and investigated by the organizational justice scale,psychological capital scale,occupational identity scale and job burnout scale,and the data were analyzed.Results The score of organizational justice among clinical nurses fromgrade-A tertiary hospitals was(70.95±13.48)points,psychological capital was(102.67±17.85)points,professional identity was(98.17±12.20)points,and job burnout was(47.95±11.64)points.The overall proportion of job burnout among nurses was 58.8%,and the proportions of mild,moderate and severe job burnout were 35.1%,20.4%and 3.3%,respectively.There were statistically significantdifferences in the total scores of jobburnout among nurses with different gender,age,working years and monthly average income(all P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the total scores of organizational justice,psychological capital and professional identity,as well as the scores of each dimensionof clinical nurses ingrade-A tertiary hospitals were negatively correlated withscores ofemotional exhaustion and personality disintegration(all P<0.01),and positively correlated with personal accomplishment score(P<0.01).The mediating effect analysis showedthat psychological capital and professional identity played a chain mediating role in organizational justice and job burnout of nurses ingrade-A tertiary hospitals,the mediating effect was-0.129,accounting for 24.48%of the total effect.Conclusion The level of job burnout of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals is high,the psychological capital and professional identity can mediate the relationship between organizational justice and job burnout independently or cumulatively,and the nursing managers should strengthen organizational justice and improve psychological capital and professional identity of nurses through effective strategies to reduce job burnout of nurses.