无人机仿地飞行在复杂山区大比例尺测图中的应用

Application of UAV Ground Imitation Flight in Large Scale Mapping in Complex Mountainous Areas

传统的无人机航摄采用固定航高,这种方法在复杂山区由于地形高低起伏变化大,获取的影像分辨率差异大,重叠度难以满足要求。为了解决重叠度、分辨率不一致造成的成果精度不合格问题,分析了航摄技术,提出采用仿地飞行的作业方式进行大比例尺地形图生产。以某生产项目为例,采用固定航高进行飞行,并快速生产得到任务区数字表面模型,使用WapPointMaster软件进行仿地航线规划,获取仿地飞行影像数据,按照500 m间隔完成像控点、检查点的采集。利用PIX4D进行空三解算、数字表面模型及数字正射影像生产,基于EPS软件进行地形图测绘,根据实地特征检查点对地形图成果精度进行检测统计。结果表明,本次使用的检查点,其平面与高程点位中误差精度均可达到1∶2000地形图成果规范要求,此作业方案可为复杂山区、高山地区大比例尺地形图生产提供借鉴。

Traditional UAV aerial photography adopts fixed flight height.In complex mountainous areas,due to the large fluctuation of terrain,the resolution of acquired images is different,and the overlap degree is difficult to meet the requirements.In order to solve the problem that the accuracy of the results is not qualified due to the inconsistency of overlapping degree and resolution,the study proposes to use the ground imitation flight operation mode to produce large-scale topographic maps.Through taking a production project as an example,first of all,the fixed altitude is used to fly,and the digital surface model of the mission area is quickly produced.Then,the WapPointMaster software is used to carry out the flight path planning of ground imitation flight,and obtain the flight image data of ground imitation flight,and complete the collection of image control points and checkpoints according to 500 meters interval.PIX4D is used for space three calculation,digital surface model and digital orthophoto production.EPS software is used for topographic map mapping.Finally,the accuracy of topographic map results is detected and counted by field feature checkpoints.Through the analysis of the statistical results,the error accuracy of the checkpoint used in the plane and elevation points can meet the standard requirements of 1:2000 topographic map results.The operation scheme can bring reference for the production of large-scale topographic maps in complex mountainous areas and high mountainous areas.