废旧硬质合金中回收利用钨的现状及建议

Current Situation and Suggestions for Recycling Tungsten from Waste Cemented Carbide

通过对比现有废旧硬质合金回收利用技术及优缺点,调研国内外企业废旧硬质合金回收利用现状,并结合产品形态及产品类别,提出了相应的回收利用技术建议:针对粉体废钨,采用湿法冶炼(萃取)工艺进行回收处理;针对轧辊和冷镦模具类废合金,采用高温处理法进行回收处理;针对顶锤、地矿球齿、拉丝模具、棒材和无涂层整体刀具、无涂层刀片类废合金,采用锌熔法进行回收处理;针对涂层刀片及涂层整体刀具类废合金,采用退涂+锌熔法或锌熔法+湿法冶炼(萃取)结合方式进行回收处理;此外,针对回收料质量波动和再生合金品质保障问题,建议所有类别废旧硬质合金回收最终应通过湿法冶炼转化为原生料再应用。

This article compares the advantages and disadvantages of existing recycling technologies for waste cemented carbide,investigates the current situation of recycling waste cemented carbide in enterprises in China and other countries,and proposes corresponding suggestions for recycling technologies based on product morphology and product categories.For powdery waste tungsten,it is recommended to use wet smelting(extraction)process for recycling treatment;for waste cemented carbide such as rollers and cold heading dies,it is recommended to use high-temperature treatment for recycling treatment;for waste cemented carbide such as anvil,geological and mining ball teeth,wire-drawing dies,bars,uncoated solid tools,and uncoated inserts,it is recommended to use zinc melting method for recycling treatment;for waste cemented carbide such as coated inserts and coated solid tools,it is recommended to use coating removal+zinc melting method or zinc melting+wet smelting(extraction)method for recycling treatment.In addition,in response to the fluctuation of recycled material quality and the issue of ensuring the quality of recycled alloys,it is recommended that all categories of waste cemented carbide by recycling should ultimately be converted into raw materials through wet smelting for reuse.