等离子粉末堆焊工艺研究现状与进展

Research Status and Progress of Plasma Powder Surfacing Technology

等离子粉末堆焊是近年来在制造业中被广泛应用的一种快速涂层及修护制备技术,具有速度快、焊接质量好、堆焊层材料种类广、工艺变异性对性能影响小等优点,在工程机械、矿山开采、石油钻探、煤矿开采等耐磨抗腐蚀领域有着重要应用。本文系统综述了等离子粉末堆焊的原理、发展以及合金粉末、堆焊工艺对堆焊层组织性能影响的研究现状,指出了我国等离子堆焊技术目前存在堆焊粉末成分体系较少、相关工艺基础理论研究薄弱以及检测评价手段单一等问题和不足,提出了从体系和技术上创新材料设计思路、通过正交试验探究最佳工艺、开发新型堆焊工艺以及完善检测手段并形成系统堆焊评价体系的建议。

Plasma powder surfacing is a rapid coating and repair preparation technology widely used in the manufacturing industry in recent years.It has the advantages of fast speed,good welding quality,wide variety of surfacing layer materials,and small impact of process variability on performance.It has important applications in engineering machinery,mining,oil drilling,coal mining and other wear-resistant and anti-corrosion fields.This paper systematically summarizes the principle and development of plasma powder surfacing and the research status of the influence of alloy powder and surfacing process on the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer,points out the problems and shortcomings of plasma surfacing technology in China,such as the lack of composition system of surfacing powder,the weakness of basic theoretical research of relevant process,and the single detection and evaluation method,and puts forward the idea of innovating material design from the system and technology,and exploring the best process through orthogonal test suggestions on developing new surfacing technology,improving detection methods and forming a systematic surfacing evaluation system.