大规格气阀坯电镦成形质量控制研究综述

Review on quality control research of electric upsetting of large⁃scale air valve billet

制坯作为气阀成形的关键工序,其成形质量决定着气阀的服役性能和寿命。通过分析热挤压和电镦等成形工艺的优缺点可知,电镦相较于其他成形工艺更适用于大规格气阀坯成形。而随着气阀坯规格的增大,电镦件成形质量也愈加难以控制。针对表面波浪等形状缺陷和晶粒粗大等微观缺陷对其进行成因分析,从成形形状、晶粒控制和形状-晶粒协同控制3个方面综述了大规格气阀坯电镦成形质量的控制方法,并进一步阐述了电镦工艺智能优化方法,为大规格气阀坯电镦成形的实际生产提供参考。

As the key process of air valve forming,the forming quality of preforming determines the service performance and life of air valve.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of hot extrusion and electric upsetting,it can be seen that electric upsetting is more suitable for large⁃scale air valve billet forming than other forming processes.With the increase of air valve billet size,the forming quality of electric upsetting parts is more difficult to control.The causes of surface wave defects and coarse grain defects were analyzed.The qual⁃ity control methods of large⁃scale air valve billet by electric upsetting were summarized from three aspects:forming shape,grain control and shape⁃grain cooperative control,and the intelligent optimization method of electric upsetting process was further expounded,which provides reference for the actual production of large⁃scale air valve billet by electric upsetting.