东周楚式束腰平底升鼎试析

An analysis of the Eastern Zhou chu-style waist-bound square-bottomed Sheng Ding cauldron

本文通过对东周楚地特有的铜、陶束腰平底升鼎进行类型学分析,明确铜升鼎应源于春秋早期曾式升鼎,春秋中期以后随着楚的扩张遍布楚地;陶升鼎仿铜升鼎,出现年代不早于战国初,器形随时代发展渐趋简化。在此基础上对其使用等级与人群进行考察,发现楚墓中使用升鼎的上层贵族内部在鼎的数量、材质上有着严格的等级限制,其使用规律和组合搭配变化反映了这一时期楚国社会等级结构变动与礼制变革。此外,曾、许、蔡等附庸国国君墓仅见使用铜升鼎,且在使用升鼎数量及其墓葬规格上各有不同,其原因与当时各国历史文化背景密切相关。

This study conducts a typological analysis of the unique bronze and pottery waist-bound flat-bottomed sheng ding cauldrons in the Eastern Zhou Chu region.It clarifies that the bronze sheng ding cauldron originated from the Zeng-style sheng ding cauldron of the early Spring and Autumn period and spread throughout the Chu region with Chu's expansion after the mid-Spring and Autumn period.The pottery sheng ding cauldron imitated the bronze sheng ding cauldron and appeared no earlier than the early Warring States period,with its form gradually simplified as time progressed.Based on this analysis,an investigation is conducted into the hierarchy of its utilization and social groups associated with these vessels.It is found that within the upper aristocracy of Chu tombs,there are strict hierarchical restrictions on the quantity and material of the sheng ding cauldron used.The patterns of utilization and combination of these vessels reflect changes in the social hierarchy and ritual system during this period in Chu society.Additionally,the use of bronze sheng ding cauldron is exclusively found in the tombs of state rulers of vassal states such as Zeng,Xu,and Cai,each with different quantities and burial specifications.The reasons behind these differences are closely related to the historical and cultural backgrounds of the respective states.